不同产次自然分娩对产妇分娩不良事件及盆底结构功能的影响
2021-08-06王小倩古立娟梁云香石尖兵罗辉刘芳宏周蕾
王小倩 古立娟 梁云香 石尖兵 罗辉 刘芳宏 周蕾

【摘要】 目的 探讨不同产次自然分娩对产妇分娩不良事件及盆底结构功能的影响。
方法 选取2018年1月至2019年1月期间于医院产科自然分娩的产妇120例。按产次不同进行分组,初产妇60例为对照组,二次自然分娩产妇60例为观察组。利用盆底超声检查观察并比较两组产妇盆底结构功能的变化。
结果 观察组产后直肠膨出、子宫脱垂、会阴体过度活动、尿道内口呈漏斗样的发生率分别为20.00%、50.00%、40.00%、26.67%,高于对照组初次自然分娩产妇的3.33%、23.33%、13.33%、6.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组膀胱颈活动度、最大Valsalva状态时膀胱后角、膀胱颈倾斜角、膀胱颈旋转角,以及肛提肌裂口面积均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。
结论 分娩可损伤膀胱尿道等盆底结构和周围支持结构,影响盆底功能,二次分娩影响更大。
【关键词】 产次;自然分娩;盆底结构;盆底功能障碍性疾病
中图分类号:R445.1;R714 文献标志码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2021.05.009
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the influence of different times of natural childbirth on adverse childbirth events and pelvic floor structures and functions.
Methods 120 cases of natural childbirth women in the obstetric department of the hospital between January 2018 and January 2019 were selected. They were grouped according to different times of childbirth, 60 cases of primipara were selected as control group, and 60 cases of the second natural childbirth in observation group. Pelvic floor ultrasound was used to observe and compare the changes of pelvic floor structures and functions between the two groups.
Results The incidence of postpartum rectal prolapse, uterine prolapse, excessive perineal movement, and funnel-like appearance of internal urethral orifice in the observation group were 20.00%, 50.00%, 40.00%, and 26.67%, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (3.33%, 23.33%, 13.33%, 6.67%, respectively), and difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Bladder neck mobility, back bladder angle at maximum Valsalva state, bladder neck tilt angle, bladder neck rotation angle, and levator anal fissure area in the observation group were all larger than those in the control group, with significant differences (P < 0.001).
Conclusion Childbirth can damage pelvic floor structures such as bladder and urethra and surrounding support structures, and affect pelvic floor function. The effect of secondary delivery is greater.
【Key words】 parturition time; natural childbirth; pelvic floor structure; FPFD
分娩為一种生理现象,女性怀孕时,盆底的组织结构可被增大的子宫长时间压迫;经阴道自然分娩和剖宫产分娩也可造成盆底组织结构的损伤,导致其功能发生改变,自然分娩因极度牵拉伸展盆底肌肉和组织结构,导致盆底肌肉、韧带等发生断裂损伤,多次分娩者甚至可造成盆底周围神经的永久性损伤[1~3]。因女性妊娠分娩时可严重损伤盆底组织的正常生理功能,是目前引发女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(female pelvic floor dysfunction,FPFD)的主要因素[4]。女性患该病后常会出现便秘、性功能障碍等一系列病症,严重影响患者的生活质量和生存状态[5]。由于分娩对女性盆底结构的损伤不可避免,因此,实现对分娩后女性盆底结构及功能的恢复具有重要现实意义。……
