栗艺文

【摘  要】近年来，习近平总书记多次强调要改善金融服务，特别是对中小微企业的服务，中央及各级政府纷纷出台了许多相关政策。《关于有效发挥政府性融资担保基金作用切实支持小微企业和“三农”发展的指导意见》对政府性融资担保机构提出了要求，要坚持聚焦支小支农融资担保主业。基于此，整个担保行业面临着回归担保主业的要求，担保公司在肩负缓解中小微企业融资难、融资贵的社会责任的同时，也面临着自身抗风险能力较差的现实问题。

【Abstract】In recent years， General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed the need to improve financial services， especially for small， medium and micro enterprises， and the Central Committee of the CPC and governments at all levels have introduced a number of related policies. "Guidance on Effective Play of the Role of Government Financing Guarantee Fund in Practically Supporting the Development of Small and Micro Enterprises and 'Agriculture， Rural Areas and Farmers'" puts forward requirements for government financing guarantee institutions， and should focus on the main business of financing guarantee for supporting small enterprises and agriculture. Based on this， the whole guarantee industry is faced with the requirement of returning to the main business of guarantee. While undertaking the social responsibility of alleviating the financing difficulty and high financing cost of small， medium and micro enterprises， guarantee companies are also faced with the practical problem of poor ability to resist risks.

【關键词】供应链融资;反向保理融资担保;中小微企业

【Keywords】supply chain financing; financing guarantee of reverse factoring; small， medium and micro enterprises

【中图分类号】F832.4                                             【文献标志码】A                                                 【文章编号】1673-1069（2021）05-0066-02

1 供应链融资与反向保理

“从产业中来，到金融中去”是供应链金融区别于其他金融服务的重要特征，在当前供给侧改革的大背景下，伴随着“产融结合，脱虚向实”的国家政策引领，供应链金融受到越来越广泛的关注。

供应链融资担保是指围绕着一家资质较好、规模较大的核心企业，其上下游企业在利用与核心企业贸易往来中产生的资产（存货、应收账款、预付款等）融资的过程中，担保公司向有融资需求的上下游企业提供增信，银行为其提供贷款的业务模式，其中最常用的为应收账款融资，即保理融资业务。

保理融资业务是指卖方通过转让其与下游企业交易过程中产生的应收账款进行融资。依发起主体不同，分为正向保理和反向保理。正向保理也就是通常所说的保理，是指由卖方（核心企业）将其应收账款转让给保理商，获得融资款项的模式。……