李紫琦

摘 要： 鸟类是生物多样性中重要组成部分，在生态系统服务功能中具有重要作用。研究区域鸟类多样性及变化格局可为该区域鸟类保护提供重要参考依据。以已发表的2016～2020年武汉鸟类监测年报数据为基础，通过数据分析，研究武汉市鸟类多样性及年、季变化动态。结果表明：①2016～2020年武汉市共观测到鸟类18目63科392种，观测到鸟类种数占武汉所记载鸟类物种总数93.56%，且观测到的鸟类以候鸟和旅鸟为主，二者种数占所观测到鸟类总种数的71.30%。②从年际变化动态看，武汉市每年均有新增观测的鸟类，相较2016年，2017～2020年4年共新增观测到鸟类达86种。③武汉市观测到鸟类种数及居留型季节变化格局明显，每年的4月和10月所观测到的鸟类种类最多;6月和7月份所观测到鸟类种类最少。除留鸟外，11月～次年2月观测到的鸟类主要为冬候鸟;6～8月主要为夏候鸟，3～5月和8～10月主要为旅鸟。本研究建议需进一步研究武汉市鸟类空间分布特征及影響因素，为武汉市鸟类多样性保护提供重要参考依据。

关键词： 鸟类多样性;变化动态;居留型;武汉市

中图分类号：Q958文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-3020（2021）03-0039-05

Bird Diversity and Interannual，Seasonal Variation Dynamics in Wuhan City

Li Ziqi

（Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education， Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079）

Abstract： Birds are an important part of the earths biodiversity， and play important roles in ecosystem functions and services.Studies on patterns of bird biodiversity can provide important basic information for regional protect of birds.In this study， bird diversity and interannual， seasonal variation dynamics in Wuhan City were studied using published bird monitoring data from 2016 to 2020.The main results are as follows： ①A total of 392 species birds belonging to 18 orders and 63 families， were found in Wuhan city from 2016 to 2020， which accounting for 93.56% of total species recorded in this region.And migrant birds and travelling birds accounted for 71.30% of observed birds.②From interannual variation dynamics， during the observation period， many birds were found every year.And comparing to 2016， 86 species birds were observed during four years from 2017 to 2020.③There were obvious seasonal variation dynamics of bird diversity and residence types， highest bird species were occurred in April and October， and lowest bird species were occurred in June and July.Also， our results showed that main residence types observed， besides resident birds， in November to February of the following year were winter migratory birds， in June to August were summer resident bird， and in March to May and August to October were travelling birds， respectively.In order to conserve the bird biodiversity in this region， we recommend that further research be performed to investigate spatial distribution pattern of birds and the effects factors on bird biodiversity.

Key words： Bird diversity; variation dynamics; residence types; Wuhan

鸟类是地球生物多样性重要组成部分，是生态环境变化的重要指示物种[1]。作为重要的消费者，对维持区域生态系统结构稳定、保障生态系统服务功能正常发挥具有重要意义[2]。由于鸟类多样性及其种群数量变化可以直接反映其栖息地服务功能的实际情况， 可将鸟类作为地区生态环境监测的指示物种[3， 4]。……