邵莉 陈龙清

摘 要： 丹江口库区为南水北调中线工程的核心水源区，本文基于库周植物群落和环境因子的实地调查，应用除趋势典范对应分析（DCCA）探究了该区群落物种分布与10个环境因子的关系。结果表明：①库周植物群落物种分布与环境因子关系密切，10个环境因子共解释了群落物种分布格局的62.7%;②土壤pH值是影响库周植物群落物种分布的关键环境因子，其次为土壤厚度和土壤养分;③筛选出侧柏、白刺花和拟金茅等20种对碱性、薄且贫瘠土壤有较好适应能力的乡土植物用于库周水源涵养林的营造。本文的研究结果可为丹江口库区的植被恢复、水源涵养与净化工作提供依据。

关键词： 丹江口水库;植被恢复;环境因素;DCCA

中图分类号：S757.2文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-3020（2021）03-0008-05

Plant Species Selection of Water Resource Conservation Forest in Surrounding Areas of Danjiangkou Reservoir

Shao Li（1） Chen Longqing（2）

（1.College of Horticulture and Plant Protection， Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009;

2.Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture State Forestry Administration， Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224）

Abstract： Danjiangkou Reservoir is the core water source area for the Middle-Route of the South-to-North Transfer Project. Based on investigation of 19 plant communities， the relationships between species distribution and 10 environmental factors were analyzed by Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis （DCCA） in the surrounding areas of Danjiangkou Reservoir. The results showed that ①It was closed related between spatial distribution of community species and the environmental factors.10 environmental factors accounted for 62.7% of variation in species distribution in the surrounding areas of Danjiangkou Reservoir;②The soil pH was the most important environmental factor on species distribution in this area， and the thickness and nutrient of soil played a role as well;③20 native species including Platycladus orientalis， Sophora davidii and Eulaliopsis binate etc.were selected in this study.All these species had good adaptability to alkaline， thin and nutrient-poor soil， and suited for construction of water resource conservation forest in the surrounding areas of Danjiangkou Reservoir.This study provides a new application of vegetation restoration and water conservation in Danjiangkou Reservoir.

Key words： Danjiangkou Reservoir;vegetation restoration;environmental factors;DCCA

上世紀五六十年代，为支援国家的“三线”建设，大量的砍伐森林，导致南水北调中线工程水源区丹江口库区及其上游区域的植被损毁严重，据统计，仅十堰境内的丹江口库区周围砍伐森林面积就高达2 230 km2，森林覆盖率由70%降至35%[1]，植被的损毁引起水土流失和泥沙淤积，大大减少了丹江口水库的库容，同时携带大量有机物、重金属等有害物质进入库区，污染水体，降低水质，严重影响南水北调中线工程的供水安全[2]。在库区进行水源涵养林建设是公认的减少水土流失的有效方法，分布在河川、水库、湖泊上游集水区内的水源涵养林已被证明在涵养水源、减少径流、保持水土、调洪消峰、改善水质等方面具有重要功能[3]。……