郭从杰

关键词：国民党政权;军阀;逆产;倪嗣冲

摘 要：北伐战争期间及南京国民政府成立初期，国民党政权相继出台了《处分逆产条例》《处理逆产条例》《修正处理逆产条例》等财产没收政策，作为打击北洋军阀势力及其他敌手的重要手段。这一时期逆产处理表面来看可谓是依法行事，实质上则是一种政治惩处手段，在实际執行时也会因时而变、各地不一、因人而异，逆产与非逆产界限人为设定，如何处置逆产带有随意性。前安徽督军倪嗣冲虽去世多年，其家族财产多被强行列为逆产。尽管其子侄族人多次抗诉，要求发还，但最终无果而返。倪嗣冲逆产案的处置经过与结果，不仅体现了政权更迭中的因人权变，也与倪嗣冲的政敌及安徽地方势力背后施压有关。带有选择性惩治特点的逆产没收政策未能为国民党政权的构建提供依法治理的公信力。

中图分类号：F129文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）04-0052-10

Selective Punishment under the Background of Regime Change—Investigation of the Case of Ni Sichong Rebels Property in the Republic of China

GUO Cong-jie（School of History， Culture and Tourism， Fuyang Normal University， Fuyang Anhui 236037， China）

Key words： the Kuomintang Regime; warlord; adverse property; Ni Sichong

Abstract： During the Northern Expedition and the early days of the Nanjing National Government， The Kuomintang regime has issued such property confiscation policies as "Regulations on Punishing Adverse Property，" "Rules on Dealing with Adverse Property" and "Amending and Dealing With Adverse Property" as an important means to combat the forces of Beiyang Warlords and other opponents. On the surface， the handling of adverse property during this period was acting in accordance with the law， but in essence it was a political punishment. In actual implementation， it would also change with time， different regions， and individuals. The boundary between adverse property and non-adverse property are artificially set， and how to deal with adverse property is also arbitrary. Although Ni Si-chong， the former military governor of Anhui， passed away for many years， but his family property still was forcibly classified as adverse property. Although his sons and nephews protested repeatedly and demanded to be returned， they finally returned to no avail. The course and result of Ni Si-chong's case not only reflected the human rights change in the regime change， but also related to Ni's political opponents and local forces in Anhui. The policy of confiscation against property with selective punishment failed to provide credibility for the construction of the Kuomintang regime.

国民大革命期间及国民党取得政权后，必然要面对的一个问题，就是如何处理与北洋军阀势力的关系。这一时期国民党政权相继出台了《处分逆产条例》《处理逆产条例》《修正处理逆产条例》等财产没收政策作为打击北洋力量及敌手的重要举措。逆产没收的对象除北洋军阀外，还有土豪劣绅、贪官污吏以及“危害民国行为者”。有学者对国民党政权的逆产政策进行了探讨。1本文以没收倪嗣冲财产为个案，探讨国民党政权对于军阀财产没收政策的法理依据和执行情况。……