84例胎盘滞留的临床分析及处理总结
2021-08-02李健伟雷后康曾晓玲周金年黄秀桃王星星
李健伟 雷后康 曾晓玲 周金年 黄秀桃 王星星
摘要:目的:探讨预防和正确处理胎盘滞留方法,减少产后出血及产褥感染。方法:收集医院内自2014年8月至2021年3月产科病房收治的84例胎盘滞留患者,占同期分娩妇女人数的5.6%;初产妇和经产妇的发病率分别为5.2%和9.4%;年龄21~43岁,平均28岁,对上述病例的处理经过进行回顾性分析总结。结果:84例胎盘滞留患者全部痊愈出院。结论:尽量避免子宫手术史及减少流产次数,正确处理第三产程等措施都能有效预防胎盘滞留的发生。对胎盘滞留者,根据不同情况给予手剥胎盘、化疗、钳夹清宫术等处理,可减少产后出血及产褥感染。
关键词:胎盘滞留;人工剥离胎盘术
ABSTRACT: Objective: To explore the prevention and correct treatment of placental retention, reduce postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal infection. Methods: A collection of 84 patients with retained placenta admitted to the obstetric ward from August 2014 to March 2021 in the hospital, accounting for 5.6% of the number of women giving birth during the same period. The incidence rates of primiparas and maternal women were 5.2% and 9.4%, respectively, age 21 ~ 43 years old, 28 years old on average, retrospective analysis and summary of the treatment of the above cases. Results: All 84 patients with placenta retention were cured and discharged. Conclusion: To avoid the history of uterine operation and reduce the number of abortion, correctly handle the third stage of labor and other measures can effectively prevent the occurrence of placental retention. In order to reduce postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal infection, patients with retained placenta should be treated with hand placental stripping, chemotherapy and curettage.
KEY WORDS: Placenta retention; Artificial placental dissection
【中图分类号】R4 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1673-9026(2021)07-196-01
胎儿娩出后30分钟,胎盘尚未娩出者,称为胎盘滞留(Planceta Retention),是产后出血的一重要原因。主要分为以下几类:①胎盘剥离不全:子宫收缩乏力导致胎盘一部分与子宫蜕膜层分离,另一部分尚未剥离;②胎盘剥离后滞留:胎盘已全部从子宫壁剥离,多因子宫收缩乏力,产妇体弱腹肌收缩不良或膀胱充盈,以致胎盘虽已全部从子宫壁剥离,但滞留于子宫腔内,进一步影响子宫收缩而出血;③胎盘嵌顿(Planceta Incarceration):子宫收缩不协调,子宫内口附近呈痉挛性收缩,形成狭窄环,使已完全剥离的胎盘嵌顿于子宫腔内,妨碍子宫收缩而出血。④胎盘粘连:胎盘全部或部分粘连于子宫壁上,不能自行剥离;⑤胎盘植入(Planceta Increta):由于子宫蜕膜层发育不良或完全缺失,胎盘绒毛直接植入子宫肌层内,称为植入性胎盘,如胎盘全部未从子宫壁剥离,虽然胎盘滞留,在一段时间内可无出血;⑥胎盘部分残留:部分胎盘小叶或副胎盘残留于宫腔,影响子宫收缩而出血。……
