我国岸电发展路径演化及发展建议
2021-07-28杨依佳
杨依佳



摘 要:岸电是绿色清洁能源,船舶在靠泊期间转换使用岸电可以实现港区范围内零排放。然而岸电存在重投入性和强依赖性等特性,其推廣发展需要多方主体共同配合。在政府的行政和经济支持下,目前我国各个港口已经基本具备岸电服务提供能力,然而我国港口的岸电设施利用率处于极低水平。为真正实现岸电常态化运营,需要政府和港口从法律法规、经济补贴、优惠措施等角度激励船舶安装并使用岸电。
关键词:减排 岸电 发展路径演化 常态化运营
中图分类号:U653.95 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2021)01(b)-0034-06
Evolution of Chinas Shore Power Development Path in China and Development Suggestions
YANG Yijia
(Sino-US Global Logistics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200052 China)
Abstract: Shore power is a green and clean energy source. Ships switching to shore power during berthing can achieve zero emissions within the port area. However, shore power has the characteristics of heavy investment and strong dependence, so its promotion and development require the cooperation of multiple parties. With the administrative and economic support of the government, almost all ports in our country have basically provided shore power services. However, the utilization rate of shore power facilities in our ports is at an extremely low level. In order to truly realize the normal operation of shore power, the government and ports need to encourage ships to install and use shore power from the perspective of laws and regulations, economic subsidies, and preferential measures.
Key Words:Emission reduction; Shore power; Development path evolution; Normal operation
岸电是指船舶在靠港期间停用船上辅机发电,而采用陆地电源对其进行供电,以维持船上照明、制冷、装卸货等所有设备的电力需求(Khersonsky , 2005)[1]。船舶在靠泊港口期间若通过燃烧燃料油提供动力,会产生SO2、NO2、PM和CO2等多种污染物,对港区范围以及港口城市的环境质量造成严重破坏。据研究,船舶在港区范围内产生的污染物有95%是在停泊期间产生的,而另外5%则是在港区范围内航行机动状态下产生。而岸电作为一种绿色清洁能源,船舶在靠泊期间转换使用岸电可以实现港区范围内零排放。然而岸电的推广发展存在很大难度,需要多方主体共同配合,逐步推进。
1 岸电发展难点
1.1 岸电发展具有重投入性
岸电是一项重投入高成本的项目。对港口来说,港口码头进行岸基供电设施的安装或改造需要大量成本,集装箱岸基供电设施建设成本约每套……
