2018年18号台风“温比亚”引发的豫东极端降水诊断分析
2021-07-22王瑞祥
王瑞祥


摘 要:为揭示2018年第18号台风“温比亚”对豫东地区造成的区域性极端降水成因,本文利用常规高空、地面气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料以及NOAA海温距平图,对2018年8月17—19日豫东地区“温比亚”台风引起的大暴雨、特大暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:强降水事件之所以能够持续多日,其直接原因之一就是华北地区建立了强大的高压坝,贝加尔湖高压脊和西太副热带高压径向度叠加阻挡了“温比亚”台风的向北活动,且500 hPa和200 hPa引导气流偏弱,加之豫西、豫南地形阻挡,导致“温比亚”在河南南部长时间停滞和徘徊;低层建立了持续而强烈的水汽通道,18日20:00前后冷空气扩散南下,在周口北部地区上空与来自南方的暖湿水汽输送交汇,形成强烈的水汽辐合区,加强了豫东北降水。
关键词:“温比亚”台风;豫东极端降水;U、V风矢量;3 h负变压;NOAA海温距平
中图分类号:P458.121文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)08-0139-04
Eastern Henan Triggered by Typhoon Rumbia 201818 Diagnostic
Analysis of Extreme Precipitation
WANG Ruixiang
(Zhoukou Meteorological Service,Zhoukou Henan 466600)
Abstract: In order to reveal the cause of the regional extreme precipitation caused by Typhoon Rumbia in Eastern Henan Province, this paper used the conventional upper air and surface meteorological observation data, NCEP reanalysis data and NOAA sea surface temperature anomaly map to diagnose and analyze the heavy rain and torrential rain weather process caused by Typhoon Rumbia in Eastern Henan Province from August 17 to 19, 2018. The results show that: one of the direct reasons why the heavy rainfall event can last for many days is that a strong high pressure dam has been established in North China, the superposition of Baikal high ridge and the radial degree of Western Pacific subtropical high has blocked the northward movement of Typhoon Rumbia, and the 500 hPa and 200 hPa guiding airflow is weak, coupled with the terrain blocking in Western and southern Henan, It leads to the stagnation and hesitation of "Gambia" in the south of Henan Province; The cold air diffused southward around 20:00 on the 18th, converging with the warm and wet water vapor from the south over the northern part of Zhoukou, forming a strong water vapor convergence area and strengthening the precipitation in Northeast Henan.
Keywords: Typhoon Rumbia;extreme precipitation in eastern Henan;U, V wind vectors;3 hours negative variable pressure;NOAA sea temperature anomalies
我國是全球受热带气旋影响最多的国家之一。据统计,每年进入我国附近海域的台风平均有20个左右[1]。从《台风年鉴(1949—1998)》[2]可知,50年间造成河南省区域暴雨、大暴雨、特大暴雨的台风案例,基本上是从闽、浙登陆以后继续深入内陆省份的台风低压或倒槽所致,如历史上河南省最强降水“75·8”特大暴雨就是由7503号台风减弱后的低压系统造成的[3]。
近年来,大量学者从不同角度对台风暴雨的影响因子进行了深入分析和总结。王新敏等统计了1949—1998年从闽、浙登陆台风的气候特征及河南台风暴雨概况,并利用天气学方法对台风登陆后的移动路径进行了概括和分析[4]。……
