内容摘要：克劳德·麦凯的《回到哈莱姆》描摹了20世纪早期的黑人跨国体验。学界主要阐释了作者个人的跨国经历与黑人国际主义思想对小说塑造主要人物的影响，而忽视了小说中副线主人公雷的国籍及其旅居哈莱姆的意义。雷的跨国移民经历既再现了麦凯的复杂跨国情感与认同经历，又观照了哈莱姆作为流散非裔移居的理想家园与城市黑人社区所承载的空间意涵。论文提出哈莱姆具有三个维度，作为移民唤起历史记忆的地理空间、建构跨国身份的政治空间及容纳差异的多元文化空间，并考察移民在跨国流动中历经的现代性体验，以此揭示他们通过改变既定身份与重新定义自我而竭力摆脱传统的民族、种族和阶级观念的束缚与身份认同的困惑，从而参与到美国城市的种族空间生产中。

关键词：克劳德·麦凯;《回到哈莱姆》;跨国书写

基金项目：本文系国家社会科学重大项目“美国文学地理的文史考证与学科建构”（项目编号：16ZDA197）;天津市研究生科研创新项目“美国新现实主义小说的跨国空间研究”（项目编号：19YJSB039）的阶段性研究成果。

作者简介：舒进艳，南开大学外国语学院博士研究生、喀什大学外国语学院副教授，主要从事美国文学研究。

Abstract： Claude McKays Home to Harlem depicts the black transnational experience of the early 20th century. Academics mainly studied the influence of McKays personal transnational experience and black internationalist thinking on his main character， but neglected the minor plots protagonist Ray and his nationality， and the significance of his sojourn in Harlem. Rays transnational migration experience not only embodies McKays complex transnational feeling and identity experience， but also reflects Harlems spatial significance as an ideal home for African diaspora and urban black community. The paper aims to examine Caribbean immigrants experience of modernity in Harlem which is interpreted as the geographic space for immigrants to evoke historical memories， the political space for constructing transnational identities and the multicultural space for accommodating differences. It is to prove that they manage to extricate themselves from the shackles of traditional concepts of nation， race and class and their confusion of identity by changing their established identity and redefining themselves， and thus participate in the production of racial space in American cities.

Key words： Claude Mckay; Home to Harlem; transnational writing

Author： Shu Jinyan is Ph. D. candidate at College of Foreign Languages， Nankai University （Tianjin， 300071， China）， associate professor at School of Foreign Studies， Kashi University （Kashi 844000， China）. Her major academic research interest includes American literature. E-mail： shujinyan15@qq.com

1925年，阿倫·洛克在《新黑人》选集中将哈莱姆描述为一个国际化的文化之都，视其重要性堪比欧洲新兴民族国家的首都。詹姆斯·威尔登·约翰逊在《黑人曼哈顿》中写道：“哈莱姆确实是整个黑人世界观光者……有才华者的伟大麦加，因为它的诱惑已经深入到加勒比的每一个岛屿，甚至渗透到非洲”（Johnson， Harlem 301）。