奥斯维辛的根本恶或平庸之恶
2021-07-20黄文凯谢雨君
黄文凯 谢雨君
内容摘要:意大利作家普里莫·莱维是奥斯维辛集中营的亲历者、见证者与书写者,在其客观冷静的笔触下,纳粹惨无人道的奴役、屠戮与集中营“囚犯”的境况与创伤得到一一呈现,纳粹施害者的身份在根本恶与平庸之恶之间呈现出多维面向,莱维在多部小说中深入探究与批判了纳粹施害者暴力行径背后德意志帝国极权主义之恶与人性本恶。作为知识分子与人文者,莱维在仇恨、理智与反思中对施害者实现了宽恕的难能之能。
关键词:普里莫·莱维;施害者;根本恶;平庸之恶;暴力
基金项目:第61批中国博士后科学基金资助项目“文学如何触摸历史”(编号2017M611766)和中国博士后科学基金第11批特别资助项目“再现的可能与虚构的限度”(编号2018T110472)阶段性成果。
作者简介:黄文凯,广西大学文学院副教授,南京大屠杀史与国际和平研究院研究员,主要从事于中西大屠杀文学研究。谢雨君,广西大学硕士研究生,主要从事欧美文学研究。
Abstract: Italian author Primo Levi is the witness and writer of Auschwitz. With calm and objective writing, his works witnessed the inhumane slavery and slaughter of Nazi, as well as traumas and conditions of “prisons”. Especially, the identity of perpetrators in his writing demonstrated the multi-dimensional orientations between Radical Evil and the Banality of Evil. Furthermore, Levi probed and criticized the evil of Nazi Germany and human nature behind Nazis violence. As an intellectual and humanist, Levi thought and criticized the evil of perpetrators all round, and with hatred, reason and reflection, he contrived to forgive perpetrators.
Key words: Primo Levi; perpetrators; radical evil; the banality of evil; violence
Author: Huang Wenkai is associate professor at School of Liberal Arts, Guangxi University (Nanning 530004, China). His research focuses on Chinese and Western Holocaust Literature. E-mail: hwk907@qq.com. Xie Yujun is postgraduate student at Guangxi University (Nanning 530004, China), whose major research interest is Euro-American literature.
犹太裔意大利作家普里莫·莱维凭借其对大屠杀具有适度节制的客观性叙事与带有文学性的理性记录,在世界文坛上享有盛誉。作为纳粹大屠杀的亲历者、见证者与幸存者,莱维是大屠杀文学研究不可回避的作家,批评界对其作品的研究蔚为大观。阿甘本(Giorgio Agamben)在《奥斯维辛的剩余:见证与档案》(Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive, 2002)等论著多次引证莱维作品;尼古拉斯·帕查诺(Nicholas Patruno)在《理解普里莫·萊维》(Understanding Primo Levi, 1995)中对其作品进行全方位解读;乔纳森·德拉克(Jonathen Druker)《普里莫·莱维与奥斯维辛之后的人文主义》(Primo Levi and Humanism after Auschwitz, 2009)对其作为幸存者的见证、创伤以及人文主义思想进行分析。……
