胡义钰 张华林 冯成天 罗萍 袁坤 孙亮 刘辉 王真辉

摘  要：为有效解决橡胶树品种‘93-114死皮高发的问题，进一步验证死皮康复组合制剂的防治效果，采用死皮康复组合制剂对其死皮进行防治。设置药剂处理、空白对照2个处理，2次重复试验分别于2015—2016年、2016—2017年進行，观测处理前后死皮植株割线症状、死皮相关指标及其胶乳产量的动态变化。处理植株死皮长度恢复率均值为79.84%，比对照增加45.20%;死皮指数降低68.36，防效可达71.41%，2次重复试验防效均值为59.34%;死皮植株胶乳产量显著增加，2次重复试验处理植株单株单刀鲜胶乳产量分别达204 g和144 g，处理植株胶乳分别比对照增产1.68倍和6.2倍。死皮康复组合制剂及其配套施用技术显著改善了‘93-114死皮植株的割线症状，防效显著，显著增加植株胶乳产量，是目前相对较理想的橡胶树死皮防控技术。

关键词：橡胶树;死皮;防治;‘93-114;死皮康复组合制剂

中图分类号：S794.1      文献标识码：A

Abstract： To effectively solve the problem of high incidence of Tapping Panel Dryness （TPD） in ‘93-114 and further verify the prevention and control effect of rubber trees rehabilitation combination preparation， TPD was prevented and controlled by rubber trees TPD rehabilitation combination preparation. Field tests were carried out in 2015—2016 and 2016—2017 respectively. The tapping cut symptoms， the index of TPD and latex yield of TPD plants were observed before and after treatment. The mean recovery rate of TPD was 79.84%， which was 45.20% higher than that of the control. The reduction value of TPD length was 68.36， the control effect could reach 71.41%， and the average value of the two repeated tests was 59.34%. The latex yield of TPD plants increased significantly. The latex yield of the two repeated tests per plant per tapping was 204 g and 144 g respectively. Compared with the control， the latex yield of treated plants increased 1.68 times and 6.2 times. The TPD rehabilitation combination preparation and its matching application technology can significantly improve the tapping cutting symptoms of clone ‘93-114 TPD plants， increase the yield of latex， and the prevention and control effect is significant. It is a relatively ideal rubber tree TPD control technology at present.

Keywords： Hevea brasiliensis; tapping panel dryness （TPD）; prevention and cure; clone ‘93-114; TPD rehabilitation combination preparation

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.05.029

天然橡胶是重要的战略物资，与煤炭、钢铁、石油并列为四大基础工业原料，也是其中唯一的可再生资源[1]。橡胶树死皮（tapping panel dryness， TPD）是指橡胶树乳管丧失产胶功能，主要表现为割胶时割线的全部或局部不能排胶[2]。据估计，目前世界各植胶国约有20%～50%的橡胶树存在死皮现象[3]，每年因此造成的干胶损失达总产量的10%～40%[4]。最近调查显示我国橡胶树死皮率超过24%[5]。近年来，死皮发生率逐年上升。高死皮率抵消了多项栽培措施的增产效率，橡胶树死皮防治已成为天然橡胶产业持续健康发展亟待解决的难题[6]。……