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3种独蒜兰属植物的光合特性

2021-07-20沈立明戴中武钟惠代晓雨翟俊文吴沙沙

热带作物学报 2021年5期

沈立明 戴中武 钟惠 代晓雨 翟俊文 吴沙沙

摘  要:为探明独蒜兰属植物在光合生理方面的差异,本研究以云南独蒜兰(Pleione yunnanensis)、美丽独蒜兰(P. pleionoides)和流苏独蒜兰(Pleione barbarae)为材料,测定其叶片的光响应曲线、CO2响应曲线和叶绿素含量(SPAD),探究其光合特性。结果表明:3种独蒜兰属植物均具有较强的耐阴性,且植株叶片SPAD值的高低与其光合速率有相关性。3种独蒜兰属植物之间的光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、初始量子效率(a)、光呼吸速率(Rp)和CO2饱和点(CSP)均无显著差异。云南独蒜兰光合作用对较低浓度的CO2利用率高,更能适应低CO2浓度的环境;美丽独蒜兰表现出对光的适应范围较广,但在光合速率增加时所需的CO2浓度较高;而流苏独蒜兰对强光较敏感,易出现光抑制现象。此外,CO2的供应可能是影响其光合速率的主要因素之一,在生产栽培中注意遮荫,适当增加CO2浓度对3种独蒜兰属植物的光合作用有利。

关键词:独蒜兰属;光合特性;叶绿素含量;耐阴性;光抑制

中图分类号:S682.31      文献标识码:A

Abstract: The light response curve, CO2 response curve, and chlorophyll content of Pleione yunnanensis, P. pleionoides, and Pleione barbarae were measured, to study the photosynthetic characteristics and provide a certain theoretical basis for Pleione cultivation. Results showed that all the three species had shade resistance, and the SPAD value of plant leaves was related to its photosynthetic rate. The light compensation point (LCP), light saturation point (LSP), dark respiration rate (Rd), initial quantum efficiency (a), rate of photorespiration (Rp) and CO2 saturation point (CSP) among the three species were not significantly different. Photosynthesis of P. yunnanensis had a high utilization rate of lower CO2 and was more suitable for the environment of low CO2 concentration. P. pleionoides showed a wide range of light adaptation, but it required a higher concentration of CO2 to increase photosynthetic rate. Pleione barbarae was more sensitive to strong light and easy to occur light suppression phenomenon. Furthermore, the supply of CO2 may be one of the main factors affecting the increase in photosynthetic rate of plant leaves. To increase yield, shading is needed in cultivation, and appropriately increase the CO2 concentration will be beneficial to the photosynthesis of these three species.

Keywords: Pleione; photosynthetic characteristics; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters; shade-endurance; photoinhibition

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.05.022

獨蒜兰属(Pleione D. Don)隶属于兰科(Orchidaceae)树兰族(Trib. Epidendreae Humb., Bonpl. et Kunth),分布于海拔500~4 200 m的亚热带高山地区,地生或附生于树干、岩石表面的苔藓中,处于弱光的生长条件下[1]。该属植物不但极具观赏价值,且具有很高的药用价值,其中独蒜兰(P. bulbocodioides)和云南独蒜兰(P. yunnanensis)为药典中山慈菇的基原植物[2]。全球约有独蒜兰属植物27种和9个天然杂交种,主要分布在中国秦岭以南[3]。然而,目前独蒜兰属仅在欧美、日本及中国台湾有较广泛的栽培应用,英国已培育出445个品种,中国仅见中国科学院昆明植物研究所培育出17个新品种[4-5]。……

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