王岩 牟玉梅 张爱民 邢丹 郭涛

摘  要：为明确不同种植密度对机采辣椒品种性状、产量的影响，以适宜机采的辣椒‘辣研102为研究对象，设置4个种植密度（P0：38 480株/hm2、P1：51 307株/hm2、P2：76 961株/hm2、P3：102 615株/hm2），分别于贵阳、遵义两地开展田间小区试验。结果表明，随着种植密度的增加，辣椒株高呈增加趋势，茎粗呈下降趋势。辣椒根部、地上部生物量均在高密植条件下（P3）时达到最小。辣椒的发病率与病情指数均随种植密度的增加而显著提高，高密植处理条件下（P3）达到最大，发病率分别为41.67%（贵阳）、43.33%（遵义），病情指数分别为31.05%（贵阳）、29.86%（遵义）。过高的种植密度导致单株辣椒光合作用大幅下降：P1、P2、P3处理条件下光合速率分别较P0处理显著降低13.94%、24.73%、29.66%（遵义）;P1、P2、P3处理条件下辣椒叶片蒸腾速率较P0降低10.02%、19.81%、42.12%（贵阳）。辣椒总产量随种植密度增加而显著提高，而商品果产量随种植密度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。商品果产量在P1条件下获得最大值，相对于P0、P2、P3贵阳辣椒商品果产量显著提高了16.43%、32.81%、41.67%，遵义提高了20.25%、26.67%、61.02%。综合辣椒生长与商品果产量，贵州机采辣椒‘辣研102最佳种植密度为51307株/hm2。

关键词：机采辣椒;种植密度;品种性状;产量

中图分类号：S641.3      文献标识码：A

Abstract： In order to determine the effect of different planting density on the characteristics and yield of mechanically harvested pepper， four planting densities （P0： 38 480·hm?2， P1： 51 307·hm?2， P2： 76 961·hm?2， P3： 102 615·hm?2） were set up for the study of “Layan 102”， which was suitable for mechanized harvesting pepper. Field plot experiments were carried out in Guiyang and Zunyi respectively. The results showed that with the increase of planting density， the plant height increased， and the stem diameter decreased. Under the condition of high density planting （P3）， the biomass of root and shoot of pepper reached the minimum. The incidence rate and disease index of pepper increased significantly with the increase of planting density. The highest incidence rate （P3） was found under high dense planting （41.67%） （Guiyang） and 43.33% （Zunyi）， and the disease index was 31.05% （Guiyang） and 29.86% （Zunyi） respectively. High planting density led to sharp decline of photosynthesis per plant of pepper： under P1， P2， P3 treatment， the photosyn-thetic rate significantly decreased by 13.94%， 24.73%， 29.66% （Zunyi） compared with P0 treatment; under the same conditions， the transpiration rate of pepper leaves decreased by 10.02%， 19.81%， 42.12% （Guiyang）. The total yield of pepper increased significantly with the increase of planting density， while the yield of commercial fruit increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density. Compared with P0， P2， P3， the yield of Guiyang pepper com-mercial fruit increased by 16.43%， 32.81%， and 41.67%， Zunyi by 20.25%， 26.67%， and 61.02% at P1 condition. Ac-cording to the growth and yield of pepper， the best planting density of ‘Layan 102 was 51307 pot·hm?2.

Keywords： machine picked pepper; planting density; varietal character; yield

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.05.020

合理的群体结构能改善植株群体通风状况和透光水平，提高群体光合生产能力[1]。而种植密度是建立合理群体的基础。合理密植可提高作物养分和光能利用效率，形成最佳群体结构以发挥其增产潜力，这是提高作物产量的重要途径之一[2]。目前，国内外关于种植密度对作物影响的报道表明[3-6]，一定范围内增加种植密度可以提高植物群体光能利用率，增加作物群体生物量;而过高的种植密度会使植株之间对光、水和养分等资源的竞争加剧，进一步造成植株生长受限。……