陈虞超 李晓琳 赵玉洋

摘要 我国丰富的药用植物资源是中医药事业蓬勃发展的物质基础，是人民生命健康的重要保障。但是，由于需求量增加以及自然环境恶化，一些重要的药用植物品种资源日益稀少，有些品种甚至处于极度濒危的境地，而这些珍稀濒危品种常具有独特的疗效，是中药资源的重要组成部分，亟待采取相应措施进行资源的保存恢复。离体保存是一项基于植物组织培养技术发展起来的植物资源新型保存手段，具有诸多优势，已成为实现珍稀濒危药用植物资源保存恢复与可持续利用的主要途径，对中医药发展起到了重要支撑作用。鉴于此，依据资源濒危程度，系统梳理了珍稀濒危药用植物资源的主要种类;从基本原理，操作流程，关键技术环节以及应用实例等方面，阐述了组织培养保存，超低温保存，基因资源保存等离体保存技术的最新研究进展;同时，总结分析了珍稀濒危药用植物资源离体保存存在的问题，并对今后研究方向进行了展望，以期为珍稀濒危药用植物资源保护、扩大及开发利用提供一定借鉴。

关键词 珍稀濒危药用植物;濒危程度;离体保存;组织培养保存;超低温保存;基因资源保存;资源保护;可持续利用

Abstract The abundant medicinal plant resources are the material basis for the vigorous development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and an important guarantee for people′s life and health in China.However，due to the increasing demand and the deterioration of the natural environment，some important medicinal plant species are becoming increasingly scarce，and some are even in an extremely endangered situation.These rare and endangered medicinal plant species often have unique curative effect and are an important component of TCM resources，so corresponding measures should be taken to preserve and restore them.In vitro conservation is a new method of plant resources preservation based on plant tissue culture technology，which has many advantages.It has become the main way to promote the conservation，recovery and sustainable utilization of rare and endangered medicinal plant resources，and plays an important role in the development of TCM.In view of this，the main types of rare and endangered medicinal plant resources were systematicly combed according to the endangered degree of resources.The latest research progress on tissue culture conservation，ultra-low temperature conservation and gene resource conservation which included in in-vitro preservation technology was elaborated from these aspects such as the basic principle，operation process，key technical links and application examples.Meanwhile，the problems existing in the in vitro conservation of rare and endangered medicinal plant resources were summarized and analyzed.In addition，the future research directions in this field were prospected.This review will provide some references for the protection，expansion and development of rare and endangered medicinal plants.

Keywords Rare and endangered medicinal plants; Endangered degree; In vitro conservation; Tissue culture; Cryopreservation; Gene conservation; Resource protection; Sustainable use

中圖分类号：R282;Q94-33文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.07.002

我国常见珍稀濒危药用植物种类有200多种，主要包括铁皮石斛、人参、三七、银杏、肉苁蓉、杜仲、川贝母等，其疗效独特，应用广泛[1-5]。受自然环境恶化及人为采挖等因素影响，珍稀濒危药用植物的蕴藏量不断下降，有些种类的资源呈现枯竭态势，亟待采取人工技术手段进行资源保存与恢复。……