黑龙江 王 莹 河北 李 燕

【阅读理解】

Older adults often suffer from mild cognitive impairment（MCI）（轻度认知功能障碍）.It is defined as the stage between cognitive decline that comes naturally with aging and the more serious decline in brain performance（dementia）（痴呆）.MCI affects many aspects of cognition,such as memory,language,judgment and thinking.

Modern treatments for MCI and dementia involve mostly medications that are yet to be proven effective.But there are natural ways for individuals with MCI to improve their condition.Cognitive training,for instance,can help them develop their remaining cognitive skills.Improving their cardiovascular fitness can also lower their risk of further brain damage caused by blockage of blood vessels.

But in a recent study,researchers at RMIT University in Australia found yet another way to boost cognitive function without using modern medications.By evaluating clinical evidence presented by multiple studies,the researchers found that traditional Chinese medicines（TCM）can cause positive changes in the brains of adults with MCI.They reported their findings in an article published in The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment（MoCA）is a sensitive measure used to evaluate changes in cognitive function.MoCA is often used to test the effects of TCM on people with MCI.The researchers selected a total of 19 studies,16 of which contributed to data analyses.Three studies were placebocontrolled（安慰剂对照）,while nine compared a TCM herb with conventional medication.Three studies combined a TCM with a modern drug,and one study combined a known TCM with cognitive training.In two of the placebo-controlled studies,which lasted for 24 weeks,TCM herbs produced favorable results at the end of treatment.Overall,results suggested that certain TCM formulations can improve MoCA scores by 1.76 to 2.34 points.

Based on these findings,the researchers concluded that TCM herbs,owing to their active components,can improve cognitive function in people with MCI.

1.What’s the main reason why the elderly suffer from MCI?

A.Mental decline. B.Aging.

C.Cancer. D.Hearing loss.

2.Which is the natural way to improve MCI in the elderly?

A.Cognitive training.

B.Traditional Chinese medicines.

C.TCM with cognitive training.

D.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

3.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?

A.Describe the function of TCM.

B.Prove the effectiveness of TCM.

C.Point out the importance of TCM.

D.Show the history of TCM.

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A.How to Treat Dementia Effectively

B.Effective Ways to Treat MCI and Dementia

C.TCM Can Improve Memory and Cognition

D.Modern Treatments Can Cure MCI and Dementia

一、答案及解析

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中药可以改善轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能。

1.B 细节理解题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第二句“It is defined as the stage between cognitive decline that comes naturally with aging and the more serious decline in brain performance（dementia）（痴呆）.”可知，老龄化是老年人患上轻度认知功能障碍的主要原因。故选B。

2.A 细节理解题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第二、三句“But there are natural ways for individuals with MCI to improve their condition.Cognitive training,for instance,can help them develop their remaining cognitive skills.”可知，认知训练是一种可以改善老年人轻度认知障碍的自然方法。故选A。

3.B 推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段内容尤其是最后一句“Overall,results suggested that certain TCM formulations can improve MoCA scores by 1.76 to 2.34 points.”可知，作者介绍第四段的内容是为了证明中药的有效性。故选B。

4.C 标题概括题。

【解题思路】通读全文尤其是根据最后一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了中药可以改善轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能。故选C。

二、命题依据

【学科型专业依据】本题与2020 年高考英语全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D 篇的体裁、语篇类型一致，命题角度和考查知识点等接近。说明文阅读为高考英语阅读理解的必考体裁，人与自然的素材话题为高考英语高频话题。

【教育测量学依据】本题以黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市依安县第一中学高三年级学生为测试样本，难度系数为0.6，符合高考英语阅读理解题的难度要求。

【教学经验型依据】

三、命题意图

【考查意图】本语篇的预设难度为中等，出题角度多样，包含2 道细节理解题、1 道推理判断题和1 道标题概括题。主要考查考生通过阅读文章获取某些特定的信息，理解文中具体信息，做出判断和推理，理解主旨要义。……