罗正飞 曾敏 周李红 龚正礼

摘要 为了更好地了解古树普洱生茶特征滋味的化学基础，利用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定其主要滋味组分含量。结果表明，13个古树普洱生茶中水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素、氨基酸、咖啡碱、黄酮类和水溶性总糖的平均含量分别为51.53%、24.75%、14.96%、3.85%、4.27%、1.58%和3.81%。古树普洱生茶中的水浸出物、茶多酚、简单儿茶素、氨基酸、水溶性总糖含量和鲜爽度量化比值均显著高于台地普洱生茶，而酯型儿茶素、儿茶素总量和黄酮类含量均显著低于台地普洱生茶。即相对于台地普洱生茶而言，古树普洱生茶的内含物质较丰富，且苦涩味较弱、鲜爽度较高、回甘较好。

关键词 古树;普洱生茶;滋味成分;含量

中图分类号 TS-272  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）11-0164-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.045

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Analysis of the Characteristic Flavor Components of Yunnan Puer Raw Tea Made from Ancient Trees

LUO Zheng-fei1，ZENG Min2，ZHOU Li-hong3 et al

（1.West Yunnan University，Lincang，Yunnan 677000;2.Southwest University，Chongqing 400715;3.Lincang No.1 Middle School，Lincang，Yunnan 677600）

Abstract In order to better understand the chemical basis of the characteristic taste of ancient tree Puer tea，UV spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） were used to determine the content of its main taste components.The results showed that the average contents of water extracts，tea polyphenols，catechins，amino acid，caffeine，flavonoids and water-soluble sugar were 51.53%，24.75%，14.96%，3.85%，4.27%，1.58%，3.81%，respectively.The content of water extracts，tea polyphenols，simple catechins，amino acid，water-soluble sugar and umami degree in tea samples made from ancient trees were significantly higher than those made from ground trees.The content of catechins，complicated catechins，flavonoids and the degree of astringency and bitter in tea samples made from ancient trees were significantly lower than those made from ground trees.These results indicated that in comparison with Puer raw tea made from ground trees，that made from ancient trees had richer components，less bitter and astringency taste，higher degree of umami and better sweet aftertaste.

Key words Ancient tea trees;Puer raw tea;Taste components;Content

普洱茶是指以地理保護范围内的云南大叶种晒青茶为原料，并在地理标志保护范围内采用特定的加工工艺制成，具有独特品质特征的茶叶[1]。按普洱茶加工工艺及品质特征可分为生茶和熟茶，按其不同制茶原料又可分为古树茶和台地茶。《云南省古茶树保护条例》中指出，古茶树是指分布于天然林中的野生古茶树及其群落，半驯化的人工栽培野生茶树和人工栽培百年以上的古茶园（林）[1-2]。台地茶是指新中国建立以后发展起来的密植茶园，并伴有施肥料、喷农药、修剪树型等田间管理措施，其鲜叶加工所制成的茶[1，3-4]。

现有少量的研究和市场信息表明，古茶园茶鲜叶的物质基础较优，所制成的茶品质滋味协调，整体感官评价评分较高[4-5]，市场价格较高。……