我国南方籼稻整精米率发展趋势及对策
2021-07-16邹禹钱宝云占新春郑乐娅张培江
邹禹 钱宝云 占新春 郑乐娅 张培江



摘要 统计2009—2018年我国南方籼稻整精米率检测数据,表明我国南方籼稻品种的整精米率呈逐年下降的发展趋势,整精米率已经成为优质籼稻发展的限制因素。从品质性状遗传、生态环境、栽培管理、稻米加工等方面分析整精米率的影响因素,提出了相应的对策。结合优质常规籼稻的品种选育和优质杂交籼稻配组的实践,对优质籼稻育种进行展望。提高我国南方稻区籼稻品种的整精米率,对提高籼稻种植效益和加工效益、保障我国粮食安全、提升我国稻米在国际市场中的竞争力均具有重要意义。
关键词 籼稻;整精米率;发展趋势;对策
中图分类号 S-511.2+1 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)11-0038-08
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.011
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
The Development Trend and Countermeasures on Head Rice Rate of Indica Rice in Southern China
ZOU Yu,QIAN Bao-yun,ZHAN Xin-chun et al
(Rice Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230031)
Abstract Through the statistics of the detection data of Indica rice head rice rate in southern China from 2009 to 2018,we found out that the head rice rate of Indica rice varieties was decreasing year by year,which indicated that the head rice rate had restricted the development of high-quality Indica rice.We analyzed the influence factors of quality trait inheritance,ecological environment,cultivation mode,fertilizer and water management,rice processing,and put forward corresponding countermeasures.Combined with the practice of the breeding of good quality Indica conventional rice varieties and good quality Indica hybrid rice,the breeding of good quality Indica rice was prospected.It was of great significance to improve the head rice rate of Indica rice varieties in southern china,to enhance the benefit of Indica rice planting and processing,and to ensure the food security of China and enhance the competitiveness of Chinese rice in the international market.
Key words Indica rice;Head rice rate;Development trend;Countermeasure
我國水稻种植范围广,品种多且地区间差异较大。2010年以来,我国在水稻主产区实施稻谷最低收购价政策,调动了种粮积极性,全国水稻种植面积稳定在3 000万hm2以上,2018年面积最大达到3 018.9万hm2;单产和总产总体发展趋势为逐年增产,单产在2010年超过6.55 t/hm2,2018年达7.02 t/hm2;稻谷总产量在2010年突破20 100万t,2018年达到21 213.0万t[1]。近几年,我国水稻生产持续丰收,稻谷市场供给充足,但我国仍然持续大量进口泰国、越南和巴基斯坦等国家的低价大米,给国内籼米市场造成较大冲击,同时也造成国内稻谷库容紧张。分析原因,一方面是我国稻米生产成本稳定增加、国内外大米价格差距较大;另一方面我国南方稻区的籼稻的稻米品质,尤其是整精米率与泰国等国家的籼稻相比还有一定差距,造成了我国籼稻市场“稻强米弱”的格局。……
