李洁 陈翠霞 聂红民 荆建国 杨宜红

摘要 为满足花生生产绿色可持续发展的需求，以花生品种豫花22号为试验材料进行田间试验，设置常规施肥（农民习惯施肥）、施肥量减少30%、施肥量减少25%共3种施肥量，起垄和平作2种种植模式，共6个处理，研究减量施肥及起垄对花生产量的影响。结果表明，常规施肥下，与平作种植模式相比，起垄种植花生荚果增产不显著;在肥料减施25%、30%的情况下，起垄种植的花生荚果产量显著增加;平作条件下，肥料减施25%的花生荚果产量显著降低;但在起垄条件下，肥料减施25%对花生荚果产量的影响不显著，说明合理减量施肥和起垄种植不仅不影响花生产量，还能减少肥料投入，降低生产成本，降低养分流失造成面源污染的风险。

关键词 减量施肥;起垄;产量;平作

中图分类号 S565.2  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）11-0026-02

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.008

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Reduced Fertilization and Ridging on the Yield of Peanuts

LI Jie， CHEN Cui-xia， NIE Hong-min et al

（Puyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Henan， Puyang 457000）

Abstract In order to realize the sustainable development of green ecological production of peanut， three fertilization amount， such as conventional fertilization （farmers habitual fertilization）， the fertilizer amount reduced by 30% and the fertilizer amount reduced by 25% ， and two riding modes of flatting and ridging were set up by field experiment to study the effects of reducing fertilization and ridging on peanut yield of variety Yuhua 22. Results showed that under conventional fertilization， the yield of peanut pod under ridge planting was not significantly higher than that under flat planting. Under flat planting， the yield of peanut pod under ridge planting was significantly higher than that under conventional fertilization， the yield of peanut pod was significantly reduced by 25% fertilizer reduction， but the effect of 25% fertilizer reduction on the yield of peanut pod was not significant. Results showed that reasonable reduced fertilization and ridging can not only reduce fertilizer input and production cost，but also reduce soil nutrient residue.

Key words Reduced fertilization;Ridging;Yield;Flat planting

施肥是农业生产的重要措施之一，合理施肥对提高作物产量、改善作物品质有着极其重要的意义[1]。但是化肥过度施用造成的土壤结构变差、地下水污染及作物品质下降等问题日趋突出。2015年农业部制定《到2020年化肥使用量零增长行动方案》，2019年中央一号文件明确强调，继续推进化肥农药使用量负增长，化肥减量增效刻不容缓[2]。为促进农业绿色可持续发展，要在不同作物上开展减肥增效工作[3]。花生是我国重要的油料作物和经济作物，在油料作物中，其种植面积仅次于油菜，而总产量居油料作物之首，在大田作物中比较效益最高[4]。……