基于创新链与时序二维视角的产业科技创新需求挖掘
2021-07-15周磊方芳
周磊 方芳
摘 要:[目的/意義]理解创新需求的内容导向及其演化模式是规划产业创新供给的基础和前提。[方法/过程]基于创新链与时序二维视角,融合文本挖掘技术,构建产业科技创新需求挖掘框架。[结果/结论]以国防科技工业产业为例进行实证研究,发现其创新需求集中为4类:电磁学与元器件系统、软科学、智能装备系统、新材料。电磁学与元器件系统需求属于研究主导的同步创新模式,软科学需求属于研究主导的反馈创新模式,智能装备系统、新材料需求均为应用主导的同步创新模式。最后提出国防科技工业产业创新供给的对应策略。
关键词:产业科技创新;需求挖掘;创新链;时序关系;隐含狄利克雷分布;国防科技工业
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2021.07.010
〔中图分类号〕G250.25 〔文献标识码〕A 〔文章编号〕1008-0821(2021)07-0103-07
Mining Industry S&T Innovation Demands Under the Two-dimensional
Perspective of Innovation Chain and Time Sequence
Zhou Lei1 Fang Fang2
(1.Accounting College,Wuhan Textile University,Wuhan 430200,China;
2.School of Information Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)
Abstract:[Purpose/Significance]It is the basis and prerequisite for planning industrial innovation supply by understanding innovation demands deeply from its content orientation and evolution mode.[Method/Process]Under the two-dimensional perspective of innovation chain and time sequence,this study constructs a framework of mining industrial S&T innovation demands by text mining.[Result/Conclusion]An empirical study on national defense S&T industry was conducted and several conclusions were drawn from the study.Firstly,innovation demands in national defense S&T industry were classified into 4 types mainly:electromagnetics and component systems,soft science,intelligent equipment systems,new materials.Demands in electromagnetics and component systems belonged to research-dominant and synchronous innovation model.Demands in soft science belonged to research-dominant and feedback model.Demands both in intelligent equipment systems,new materials belonged to application-dominant and synchronous innovation model.Finally,innovation supply strategies were suggested for national defense S&T industry.
Key words:industry S&T innovation;demand mining;innovation chain;time sequence;Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA);national defense S&T industry
党的“十九大”报告提出加快建设创新型国家,“要引领原创成果重大突破”“突出颠覆性技术创新”。“十三五”规划中进一步要求,“塑造更多发挥先发优势的引领型发展”。然而,理论界和实务界有关产业创新源路径的争论仍未达成一致。熊彼特晚年最终认可了“大企业的创新优势”,即上游研发决定创新供给。布什在《科学——没有止境的前沿》中提出的线性创新模式基本遵循熊彼特假设,这一思想不仅长期占据美国科技界主流,还深刻影响着同时期多国的科技政策制定[1]。企業研发决策或科学家发现能够完全决定产业创新吗?答案似乎并不总是肯定的。技术创新动力的理论研究提出了与技术推动论相悖的市场拉动论、技术与市场互动论及三元论、四元论、五元论。……
