周宴雨　毛欣　于春涛　王铭娅　邱玉博　王博

摘 要：近年来，黑龙江省杂粮的种植量越来越大。为了满足红小豆精密播种的机械化要求，本研究设计一款红小豆专用气吸式精密排种器。其间对排种器的主要结构和工作原理进行介绍，用3D打印技术加工排种器，并在播种试验台进行试验。研究人员选择排种盘孔径、转轴的转动速度和气室的真空度作为主要参数，进行三因素三水平的正交试验，确定较优的参数组合，并进行验证试验。试验结果表明，当其他参数固定时，排种盘孔径为3.80 mm，真空度为6.00 kPa，转轴转速为4.50 mm/s，从性能指标来看，播种合格率为99.76%，重播率为0%，漏播率为0.24%，满足播种精度要求。

关键词：红小豆;气吸式;精播;试验

中图分类号：S223.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5168（2021）06-0050-03

Experimental Research on the Air Suction Precision Seeding

Device for Red Beans

ZHOU Yanyu MAO Xin YU Chuntao WANG Mingya QIU Yubo WANG Bo

（Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing Heilongjiang 163319）

Abstract： In recent years， the growing amount of miscellaneous grains in Heilongjiang province is increasing. In order to meet the mechanization requirements of precision seeding of red beans， this research designed a special suction type precision seed metering device for red beans. In the meantime， the main structure and working principle of the seed metering device were introduced， the seed metering device was processed with 3D printing technology and tested on the seeding test bench. The researchers selected the diameter of the seeding disc， the rotation speed of the rotating shaft and the vacuum of the air chamber as the main parameters， carried out a three-factor and three-level orthogonal test， determined the optimal parameter combination， and carried out a verification test. The test results show that when other parameters were fixed， the diameter of the seeding disc is 3.80 mm， the vacuum degree is 6.00 kPa， and the rotating shaft speed is 4.50 mm/s， from the performance index， the seeding pass rate is 99.76%， the replay rate is 0%， and the missed seeding rate is 0.24%， which met the requirements of seeding accuracy.

Keywords： red bean;gas suction;refined sowing;test

紅小豆是多用途的豆科植物，其投资少、见效快，经济效益是大宗粮食的2～5倍。红小豆忌重、迎茬，一般以间隔2～3年轮种1～2年为好。红小豆的种植机械多数是由其他播种机械改装的，或是采用人工播种，保证不了播种质量，经常出现播深不一致、密度不均匀等现象。因此，研制红小豆专用播种机是实现红小豆生产全程机械化的重要保障之一。播种机的核心部件是排种器，排种器的适应性越强、性能越稳定可靠、精密度越高，越能很好地适应高速作业，播种器在工作时就越能满足播种需要。气吸式排种器对种子的几何尺寸要求不严，易实现单粒点播，通用性好，它还具有作业速度高、籽粒分布均匀以及出苗整齐等优点。……