周剑波

摘 要：当前，硫铁矿矿山生态环境恢复治理已成为一个焦点。广东省兴宁市铁山嶂铁矿矿山生态环境问题极其突出，矿山地形地貌破坏严重，周边水质污染现象突出，滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害频发。根据矿区现状，人们应重点开展两个阶段的工作。第一阶段实施地质灾害减灾防灾工程，防止并减少地质灾害，保护人民群众生命财产安全;第二阶段实施生态环境恢复治理，从地质灾害防治、水污染治理和场地修复等三个方面展开工作，最终实现地质灾害隐患消除、矿区整体土壤改良、矿山生态环境恢复的目的。

关键词：硫铁矿;矿山生态环境;地质灾害;恢复治理

中图分类号：X171.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5168（2021）06-0139-03

Study on the Countermeasures for Restoring and Governing the

Ecological Environment of Tieshanzhang Iron Mine

ZHOU Jianbo

（Guangdong Geological Construction & Engineering Group Co.， Ltd.，Guangzhou Guangdong 510080）

Abstract： At present， the restoration and management of the ecological environment of pyrite mines has become a focus. The Tieshanzhang Iron Mine in Xingning City， Guangdong Province has serious ecological and environmental problems， the topography of the mine is seriously damaged， the surrounding water pollution is prominent， and geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides occur frequently. According to the current situation of the mining area， people should focus on two stages of work. The first phase implements geological disaster mitigation and disaster prevention projects to prevent and reduce geological disasters and protect peoples lives and property; the second phase implements ecological environment restoration and management， starts from three aspects， namely geological disaster prevention and control， water pollution management and site restoration， finally achieves the goal of eliminating hidden dangers of geological disasters， improving the overall soil in the mining area， and restoring the ecological environment of the mine.

Keywords： pyrite;mine ecological environment;geological disasters;restoration and management

山、水、林、田、湖、草是自然生态系统的核心要素，各要素在空间上相互连接、相互制约、不可分割，体现了生态系统的整体性、系统性及其内在的规律性[1-3]。加快山水林田湖草生态保护修复，实现格局优化、系统稳定、功能提升，关系生态文明建设的进程和绿色发展理念的贯彻，关系国家生态安全和中华民族的永续发展[4-7]。硫铁矿为新中国的经济发展做出巨大贡献，但由于技术落后、管理不善等因素，大多数硫铁矿面临严重的生态环境问题，生态环境难以恢复，地质灾害频发，对影响范围内的敏感点构成极大威胁。因此，开展硫铁矿矿山生态环境恢复治理已成为当前的一个焦点，这也是践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的重要方式。下面以广东省兴宁市的铁山嶂铁矿为例，分析矿山生态环境恢复治理对策。……