机器学习在档案管理中的应用与挑战
2021-07-14代林序张玉洁
代林序 张玉洁


摘 要:文章解析了档案机构主导的机器学习应用于档案管理的实验项目,旨在充分认识机器学习应用的可行性以及应用逻辑与方法。基于对澳大利亚新南威尔士州机器学习实验的过程分析,发现充足且高质量的数据集、软硬件等基础设施及专业人才是机器学习技术成功应用的重要因素。因此,档案机构应用机器学习技术可从推进档案数据化进程、加强技术型人才储备、立足档案管理实践制定应用方案等方向探索。
关键词:档案管理;档案鉴定;机器学习
分类号:G273
Application and Challenge of Machine Learning in Archives Management
—— Based on the Investigation and Enlightenment of Machine Learning Experiment in New South Wales Archives
Dai Linxu1, Zhang Yujie2
(1.School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065; 2.School of Information Resource Management, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872)
Abstract: The article analyzes an experimental project led by an archival institution on the application of machine learning to archival management with the aim of fully understanding the feasibility of machine learning applications and the logic and methods of application. Based on the process analysis of machine learning experiments in New South Wales, Australia, it was found that adequate and high-quality datasets, infrastructure such as hardware and software, and professional talents are important elements for the successful application of machine learning technology. Therefore, the application of machine learning technology by archival institutions can be explored in the direction of promoting the process of archival data, strengthening the reserve of technologyoriented talents, and formulating application solutions based on archival management practices.
Keywords:Archives Management; Archives Appraisal; Machine Learning
1 引言
数字环境下档案管理工作变得愈加复杂:一方面,数字化、数据化档案资源数量庞大且增长迅速[1],为以人工为主的档案管理工作带来了巨大压力,同时,类型多样、半结构化及非结构化的档案信息或数据也使档案管理工作变得更加烦琐和复杂[2];另一方面,档案服务对象也呈现出多样化趋势,传统的检索及借阅服务已经无法满足用户的个性化需求,档案馆难以提供专业化、知识化的服务内容或特色服务[3]。因此,寻求新技术以提高档案管理效率及现代化程度,促进档案管理工作自动化、智能化已成为迫切需求[4],机器学习作为人工智能中最活跃的技术领域之一,探究机器学习在档案管理中的应用成为实践热点。
在研究层面,机器学习在档案管理中的应用主要从以下方面展开:一是机器学习应用于档案管理的合理性。一方面,数字档案具有直接的机器可读性,计算机算法可以检测、识别和捕捉包括数据结构层次、元数据层次及文件表层的数字档案信息,有助于用户对档案资源进行多方面、多层次的挖掘[5]。……
