贾焙皓

摘 要：近年来随着中国逐步制定并开展垃圾分类的政策法规，多品类生活垃圾分类收运问题就逐步凸显出来。国内使用多车舱车辆收运多品类生活垃圾的研究还较少，针对这一需求，本文基于生活垃圾分类利用多车舱垃圾收运车辆同时收运多品类生活垃圾的收运问题，以降低城市生活垃圾收运成本为目标，构建考虑车辆收运成本的多品类垃圾收运车辆的路径优化模型，并进行仿真实验，用蚁群算法对算例进行求解，验证了算法模型的良好寻优效果，为新式垃圾车辆的投产使用提供参考。

关键词： 生活垃圾收运;多品类;车辆路径优化;蚁群算法

文章编号： 2095-2163（2021）01-0114-06 中图分类号：X799.3 文献标志码：A

【Abstract】In recent years， as China has gradually formulated and implemented waste classification policies and regulations， the problem of the classification and transportation of multi-category domestic waste has gradually become prominent. Domestic research on the use of multi-cabin vehicles to collect and transport multi-category domestic waste is still rare. In response to this demand， this article is based on the classification of domestic waste and uses multi-cabin waste collection and transportation vehicles to simultaneously collect and transport multi-category domestic waste to alleviate the problem of collection and transportation. The cost of collection and transportation of municipal solid waste is the goal. The route optimization model of multi-category waste collection and transportation vehicles considering the cost of vehicle collection and transportation is constructed， and simulation experiments are carried out. The ant colony algorithm is used to solve the example， which verifies the good optimization of the algorithm model. The effect provides a reference for the production and use of new garbage vehicles.

【Key words】domestic waste collection and transportation; multi-category; vehicle routing optimization; ant colony algorithm

0 引 言

自从2017年国家发展和改革委员会、住房和城乡建设部出台《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》[1]以来，垃圾分类已经在北京、上海、广州等地成功实施，但是随着垃圾分类时代的来临，传统的垃圾处理能力与垃圾分类处理能力之间的问题日趋凸显，如何将多品类城市生活垃圾做到分类收集运输，促进后端垃圾资源化处理是当下亟需解决的问题。

由于中国城市生活垃圾分类处理才刚刚起步[2～3]，许多城市在垃圾分类、经费投入、管理体系等方面还存在不足，在分类收运方法上仍处于不断探索之中。中国宁波市鄞州区环卫部门为了适应街道定时定点分类投放的新政策，改装了一种两类一体垃圾收运车辆，实现厨余垃圾和其他垃圾同步收运，既减少车辆和人员的投入，又可实现居民一次性投递，大大提升了居民和管理部门的满意度。……