孟静一 曹玲亚 李建宽 高建平

中圖分类号 R285 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2021）10-1209-06

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.10.09

摘 要 目的：研究党参多糖对脾虚模型小鼠的补脾作用。方法：将60只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为空白组，模型组，党参多糖高、中、低剂量组[1.6、0.8、0.4 g/（kg·d）]和四君子汤组[30 g/（kg·d），以生药总量计]，每组10只。除空白组外，其余各组小鼠均灌胃番泻叶溶液（0.4 g/d）构建脾虚模型。造模后，各给药组小鼠灌胃相应药液，空白组和模型组小鼠灌胃20 mL/kg生理盐水;每天给药1次，连续6周。给药结束后，测定小鼠体质量并进行一般行为学观察，记录其全血中红细胞计数，测定其血清中D-木糖、胃泌素（GAS）、胃动素（MTL）、生长抑素（SS）、血管活性肠肽（VIP）、淀粉酶（AMS）、免疫球蛋白（IgG和IgM）、脂多糖（LPS）含量，并测定其结肠组织中密封蛋白（Claudin）、闭合蛋白（Occludin） mRNA及其蛋白表达水平。结果：与空白组比较，模型组小鼠体质量显著减轻（P<0.05），出现了背毛稀疏、无光泽等脾虚症状;全血中红细胞计数和血清中D-木糖、SS、VIP、AMS、IgG、IgM含量以及结肠组织中Claudin、Occludin mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01），血清中GAS、MTL、LPS含量均显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组比较，党参多糖高剂量组小鼠体质量显著增加（P<0.05），脾虚症状显著改善;除党参多糖低剂量组小鼠血清中D-木糖、IgM含量和结肠组织中Claudin、Occludin mRNA及其蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义外（P>0.05），其余各组小鼠上述指标均显著改善（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：党参多糖对番泻叶所致的脾虚模型小鼠具有改善作用，其作用机制可能与调节其胃肠激素分泌、增强免疫以及保护肠黏膜屏障有关。

关键词 党参多糖;脾虚模型;补脾作用;胃肠激素;密封蛋白;闭合蛋白;小鼠

Study on the Tonifying Spleen Effect of Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharides on Sennae Folium-induced Spleen-deficiency Model Mice

MENG Jingyi，CAO Lingya，LI Jiankuan，GAO Jianping（School of Pharmacy， Shanxi Medical University， Taiyuan 030001， China）

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE： To study the tonifying spleen effect of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides （CPP） on spleen-deficiency model mice. METHODS： Totally 60 ICR male mice were randomized into blank group， model group， CPP high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups [1.6， 0.8， 0.4 g/（kg·d）]， Sijunzi tang （SJZT） group [30 g/（kg·d），by crude drug]， with 10 mice in each group. Except for blank group， other groups were given Sennae Folium solution intragastrically （0.4 g/d） to establish spleen-deficiency model.  After modeling， administration groups were given relevant drug intragastrically， and blank group and model group were given 20 mL/kg normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 6 weeks. After last administration， body weight of mice in each group was measured and their general behavioral characteristics were observed. The red blood cell count in whole blood were recorded， and the contents of D-xylose， gastrin （GAS）， motilin （MTL）， somatostatin （SS）， vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， amylase （AMS）， immunoglobulin （IgG and IgM） and lipopolysaccharide （LPS） in serum were determined; mRNA and protein expressions of Claudin and Occludin in colon tissues of mice were also detected. RESULTS： Compared with blank group， body weight of mice in model group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the spleen deficiency symptoms such as sparse back hair and no luster appeared; the red blood cell count in whole blood， serum contents of D-xylose， SS， VIP， AMS， IgG and IgM， mRNA and protein expressions of Claudin and Occludin were significantly decreased （P<0.05 or P<0.01）; serum contents of GAS， MTL and LPS were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the body weight of mice were increased significantly in CPP high-dose group （P<0.05）， and spleen-deficiency symptom was improved significantly. Except for the serum contents of D-xylose and IgM， the protein expressions of Claudin and Occludin in colon tissue had no statistical significance in CPP low-dose group （P>0.05）， above indexes of other groups were improved significantly （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. CONCLUSION： CPP can improve spleen-deficiency model mice induced by Sennae Folium， the mechanism of which may be associated with regulating gastrointestinal hormone secretion， enhancing immunity and protecting intestinal mucosal barrier.

KEYWORDS   Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides; Spleen- deficiency model; Tonifying spleen effect; Gastrointestinal hormone; Claudin; Occludin; Mice

党参（Codonopsis Radix）是临床常用的补益药，有健脾益肺、养血生津的传统功效[1]。中医腑脏理论认为，“脾”是一个功能性结构单位，曰“脾为后天之本”“四季脾旺不受邪”“脾为之卫”，充分反映了脾与机体防御功能的关系[2-3]。脾虚证是临床常见证型，表现为运化功能失调及免疫功能受损，与多种疾病的发生密切相关[4]。党参多糖是党参发挥生物活性的重要物质基础之一，具有抗氧化应激、抗肿瘤、调节免疫等作用[5-6]。研究发现，党参多糖在胃肠道消化系统疾病中发挥重要作用，可提高正常小鼠小肠蠕动能力、胃蛋白酶活性及其排出量[7]，也可缓解葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的结肠炎[8]，但有关党参多糖补脾的作用机制研究尚少。……