丁永刚 骆倩 许启铿 李学森 刘强

摘 要：为研究立筒排仓贮料对仓壁动态侧压力的地震响应规律，设计制作了缩尺比例为1∶25的柱承式立筒排仓和独立单仓模型，进行了3条地震波下不同地震动水准的振动台试验，分析获得两种模型的贮料地震响应特性、仓壁动态侧压力的变化规律与超压系数。研究结果表明：1）地震时仓内贮料与仓壁存在的相位差与仓体位置及测点位置相关;2）边仓与中仓仓壁动态侧压力的分布规律与地震波输入方向有关;排仓的超压系数总体上小于独立单仓;3）边仓的超压系数大于中仓，两者均大于规范采用值，现行规范中所采用的综合修正系数偏小;4）独立单仓不能全面反映立筒排仓的贮料地震响应特性，考虑排仓中不同位置单仓及地震作用方向进行仓壁结构的强度设计十分必要。

关键词：立筒排仓;振动台试验;地震响应;侧压力

中图分类号：TU312;TU399 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-6717（2021）03-0167-07

Abstract： In order to study the seismic response of group silos stored materials to the dynamic lateral pressure of the silo wall， column-supported group silos and independent single silo models with a scale ratio of 1∶25 were designed and manufactured， and shaking table tests with different ground motion levels under three seismic waves were carried out. The seismic response characteristics of the two models， the variation law of dynamic lateral pressure and over-pressure coefficient of the silo wall were obtained. The results show that： 1） during the earthquake， the phase difference between the storage and the wall of the silo is relevant with the position of the silo body and the location of the measuring point; 2） the distribution law of the dynamic lateral pressure on the wall of the side silo and the middle silo is relevant with the direction of seismic wave input; on the whole， the over-pressure coefficient of the silo is generally smaller than that of the independent single silo; 3） the over-pressure coefficient of the side silo is larger than that of the middle silo， both of which are larger than the values adopted by the code， and the comprehensive correction coefficient adopted in the current code is relatively small; 4） the storage seismic response characteristics of the vertical silo cannot be fully reflected only via the independent single silo， therefore it is essential to consider the different positions of the silo and the direction of seismic action to design the strength of the silo wall structure.

Keywords：group silos; shaking table test; seismic response; lateral pressure

筒仓是以贮料荷载为主的特种结构，荷载组合区别于一般的构筑物，起控制作用的永久荷载主要是筒仓的自重，可变荷载主要是贮料[1]。近年来，虽然筒仓在实际工程中得到了广泛应用，但由于各国规范[2-4]对地震作用下贮料荷载工况考虑得不够全面，其破坏现象时有发生[5-6]。地震作用时，非压密的贮料对仓壁产生的超压会造成筒仓结构的损伤破坏。现行相关规范中关于贮料的超压仅考虑了卸料等因素，所采用的综合影响系数2.0，没有重点考虑地震作用下贮料的超压。……