唐家伟 张松涵 戴靠山 施袁锋 廖光明

摘 要：单调谐质量阻尼器（STMD）作为一种有效的减振器，常安装在高层结构的顶部。由于结构的空间和承重有限，STMD的安装可能会受到限制，特别是对于如风力发电机这类结构。更重要的是，STMD对多模态振动控制效果有限。为了解决上述问题，采用多重调谐质量阻尼器（MTMD），在预先给定初始配置的基础上，研究风力机MTMD系统参数的约束优化问题。采用模态叠加法，综合考虑塔架位移、加速度和底部反力的影响，利用塔架响应相对于地面运动的传递函数，组合后得到阻尼器优化目标，并采用遗传算法搜索MTMD系统的最优设计参数。以某风力机模型为例，通过与经典Den Hartog公式的比较，验证了该方法设计的MTMD系统的工作效率。结果表明：所设计的MTMD系统可适用于多种工作模式，实际应用中具有更好的适用性。

关键词：风电塔;地震响应;振动控制;质量阻尼器;参数优化

中图分类号：TU375.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-6717（2021）03-0149-08

Abstract： Single tuned mass damper （STMD）， being an effective vibration absorber， is generally installed at the top of a flexible structure for vibration control. Due to the limited space， the design and installation of the STMD may be greatly restricted， especially for slender structures such as wind turbine towers. More importantly， the effect of STMD has been proved to be limited for the involvement of multiple modes. For the reasons above， the multiple tuned mass damper （MTMD） has been proposed. In the present work， the constrained parameter optimization of the MTMD system designed for the wind turbines is performed， based on the initial configuration given in advance. The transfer function from the ground motion to the response of the wind turbine tower is derived by means of modal superposition. A proper objective function is developed by comprehensively considering displacement， acceleration as well as based reaction forces. The genetic algorithm （GA） is employed for searching the optimal design parameters of the MTMD system. A wind turbine model is adopted as an example， and the working efficiency of the MTMD system is finally verified by comparing with the classical Den Hartogs formula. Results reveal that the designed MTMD system is feasible for control of multi-mode vibration， having potential value for broader practical applications.

Keywords： wind turbine; seismic response; vibration control; mass damper; parameter optimization

风能是世界上可再生能源之一，在过去10年中，其技术日趋成熟。为了进一步提高风能的转换能力，新设计的风力发电机组越来越高，导致结构振动问题凸显，引起了各国学者和工程人员的广泛关注[1-6]。

现有的结构振动控制方式主要分为3种：被动控制、半主动控制和主动控制。风电塔的半主动和主动控制技术已有不少成果[7-11]，但工程中被动控制的实践应用更为广泛。Murtagh等[12]在考虑气动效应和耦合作用时讨论了TMD的振动控制效果。Hussan等[13]基于响应面法对风电塔MTMD参数优化进行了研究。……