黄慧雯 贾春华

摘要 中医语言描绘了一个有关人体生理、病理、疾病、治疗的隐喻世界。中医隐喻研究的诞生，正是为了解密中医学勾画的这个有关人体的隐喻世界。在中医学界和语言学界一些学者的共同努力下，中医学绘出的这幅画卷渐渐展现于世人之前，使人看清由生产和生活经验、自然和社会经验、感性和理性经验等交织而成的中医语言。中医隐喻的研究在方法上、经验上、方向上虽有欠缺，但瑕不掩瑜。期待中医隐喻研究展示更精彩的中医画面。

关键词 中医;隐喻;认知;语言;文化;概念隐喻;原型范畴;认知神经科学

Metaphor Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine for 12 Years

HUANG Huiwen，JIA Chunhua

（Beijing University of Chinese Medicine，Beijing 100029，China）

Abstract The language of Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）describes a metaphorical world about human physiology，pathology，disease，and treatment.The research on metaphor of TCM was born to decipher this metaphorical world of human body outlined by TCM.With the joint efforts of some scholars from TCM and linguistics，the picture drawn by TCM is gradually revealed to the world.It has started to make people understand the language of TCM，which is interwoven with production and life experience，natural and social experience，perceptual and rational experience and so on.The outcomes of the research on metaphor in TCM have shortcomings in methods，experience and directions，but the merits outweigh the flaws.A better picture of TCM can hopefully be expected from further metaphor research.

Keywords Traditional Chinese medicine; Metaphor; Cognitive; Language; Culture; Conceptual metaphor; Prototypic categories; Cognitive neuroscience

中图分类号：R2-03文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.06.016

语言是一个被现代自然科学边缘化的对象。然伽达默尔说：“一切理解都是语言问题，一切理解都在语言性的媒介中获得成功或失败。”可见任何学科都无法跨越语言！因此，对中医学科的本质探索，始于对中医语言的理解。然语言之于中医真有如此地位吗？现代临床医学的诞生或许可稍作解答。20世紀法国著名思想家福柯在其医学史著作中说到[1]：现代临床医学的诞生始于语言风格的转变。将医学经验性话语转变为“实证科学”语言，造就了当今举世瞩目的现代临床医学体系。现代临床医学的历史经验让我们有充足的理由相信：中医语言的重新解读，是建构现代化中医理论体系，延续中医学科传承与发展的最根本环节。中医语言是一种什么样的语言？回答这一语言定性问题，中医隐喻研究已走过了12年历程。……