工程教育认证背景下工程制图教学中空间思维能力培养
2021-07-08王小章
王小章
摘 要 空间思维能力的培养和提升是工程制图课程的重要目标。教学过程发现空间思维能力薄弱的主要原因是抽象思维能力欠缺,导致三维几何重构时空间思维和抽象思维交替过程不顺畅,即无法在二维平面图和三维空间立体之间自如地转换。按照工程教育认证要求和原则,提出了通过课程内容重组、教学方法改进、开展空间思维训练、强化观察等方法来培养学生的空间思维能力。空间思维能力的提高不仅改变对事物的认知和思维方式,更能全面促进创新创造能力的提升。
关键词 空间思维 工程制图 思维培养 抽象思维
中图分类号:G424 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.12.030
Abstract The cultivation of spatial thinking ability is an important goal of the engineering drawing course. It was discovered that the main reason for the lack of spatial thinking ability was the lack of abstract thinking ability, which led to the insufficiency of the alternating process of spatial thinking and abstract thinking during 3D geometric reconstruction, that is, the inability to switch freely between 2D plan view and 3D space. Accordance to the requirements and principles of engineering education certification, strategic methods are proposed to cultivate students' spatial thinking ability such as course content reorganization, teaching method improvement, development of spatial thinking training, and intensified observation. The improvement of spatial thinking ability not only changes the cognition and way of thinking about things, but also promotes the improvement of innovation and creativity in an all-round way.
Keywords spatial thinking; engineering drawing; thinking training; abstract thinking
工程教育認证的核心理念是OBE (outcome-based education),即以学生产出为导向的教育理念,贯彻以学生为本、关注学生最终学习成果的教育模式,并注重持续改进原则。[1]OBE已成为发达国家教育改革的主流理念,保证专业教育质量和教育活力。我国高校在进行工程教育认证和实施OBE理念的过程中,仍存在诸多问题和不足,如重理论教学、轻实践训练、课程内容过时、考核方式单一等,亟须进一步的改革和提升。
工程制图是工科学生的一门基础课程,以培养学生的读图、绘图、空间形体的形象思维、构型设计、工程实践和创新能力为主要目标,逐步养成工程意识、严谨的工作态度,并提高创新能力。[2]教学目标要求学生的思维能够在二维平面和三维空间进行顺利转换,完成工程图样的绘制、阅读等任务。……
