杜晓梅 郝春东

摘 要 随着我国经济的飞速发展，国家提出到2035年要建成教育强国，而要实现教育强国的远景目标，就必须重视农村地区的教育。教师是教育发展的关键环节，国家通过特岗教师和免费师范生等政策使得农村小学教师队伍的数量和质量得到很大的提升，这对发展农村地区教育事业有很大的帮助。然而，农村地区教師流失现象依然很严重，尤其是偏远山区由于条件落后，造成很多教师流向经济发达的地区，这直接威胁着农村小学的教学质量。研究农村小学教师的流失，从小学教师流失的基本现状、动因分析和解决对策三个方面，分析该问题并提出解决策略。

关键词 农村地区 小学教师 教师流失

中图分类号：G451                                 文献标识码：A  DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.12.020

Abstract With the rapid development of China's economy， the country proposed to build an education power by 2035. It is necessary to pay attention to education in rural areas to achieve it. Teachers are the key link in the development of education， and the state has made a great improvement in the quantity and quality of rural areas through policies such as special post teachers and tuition-free policy for normal university student， which has greatly helped to develop education in rural areas. However， teacher attrition in rural areas is still serious， especially in remote mountainous areas due to the backward conditions， which directly threatens the quality of teaching in rural elementary school. To study the teacher attrition in rural elementary school， analyze the problem and propose strategies to solve it from three aspects： the basic status of teacher attrition， the analysis of the reasons and the countermeasures to solve it.

Keywords rural areas; elementary school teachers; loss of teachers.

1 概念界定

农村地区的小学“教师流失”是我国学术界经常使用的概念，通常把农村学校的教师调离农村学校去往城市学校称之为教师流失。[1]但是同时也有学者从农村小学的角度出发，认为凡是离开农村小学的现象都是 “教师流失”。参照一部分中国学者的解释，本文对核心概念“教师流失”的定义为：教师流失，既包括教师离开原来学校转到其他学校或者教育机构工作，也包括教师转到其他非教育行业去工作，即彻底地离开教育行业。[2]

2 农村地区小学教师流失的现实情况解析

2.1 基本情况

我国一直以来是一个农业大国，农村教育情况直接影响整个国家的教育发展进程，但是我国农村小学教师常年流失严重。……