王玺 糜玲

摘要：目的：了解健康体检人群甲状腺结节患病状况及其相关因素。方法：选择2018 年-2019年两年在本院进行健康体检的团检客户6824例为研究对象进行调查，了解其甲状腺结节患病率及相关因素。结果：①健康体检人群甲状腺结节患病率约为43.2%，其中男性36.49%，女性49.88%，女性患病率明显高于男性（P<0.001）;②男女甲状腺结节患病率呈现随年龄的增大而增高趋势（P<0.01）;③不同年龄组的男性单结节和多結节检出率差异有统计学意义（X2=24.35 p<0.05和X2=294.12  p<0.05）。不同年龄组的女性单结节和多结节检出率差异有统计学意义（X2=19.48 p<0.05和X2=142.36  p<0.05）。不同年龄组的甲状腺单结节和多结节的检出率差异也有统计学意义（X2=38.45 p<0.05和X2=384.21 p<0.05），同时也可以看到随着年龄的增大，甲状腺多结节的发病率明显增高。结论：甲状腺结节患病率较高，其患病率与性别、年龄、职业、工作压力有关，同时贵州地区整体口味偏重，嗜咸嗜辛辣，是否是甲状腺疾病高发的原因有待流行病学调查进一步支持。作为甲状腺疾病健康管理应针对流行病学的特点制订相应有效的对策，改变受检人群不良饮食生活习惯，积极控制血糖及血压，控制体重，降低体重指数，减缓工作压力、音乐治疗等，以便减少甲状腺结节的发生。同时建议贵州地区健康体检应将甲状腺超声检查纳入常规体检项目，充分发挥超声检查对甲状腺疾病早期诊断及筛查的作用。

关键词：健康体检;贵州地区;甲状腺结节;

[Abstract]Objective：To find the prevalence of Thyroid tubercle and its related factors in health check-up population. Methods：A survey was conducted among 6824 clients who underwent physical examination in our hospital from 2018 to 2019，To find the prevalence of Thyroid tubercle and its related factors. Results：①The prevalence rate of Thyroid tubercle was 43.2% in healthy people， of which 36.49% was males and 49.88% was females（P<0.001）;②The prevalence of Thyroid tubercle in men and women increased with age（P<0.01）;③There were significant differences in the detection rates of single and multiple tubercles among different age groups for male。（X2=24.35 p<0.05和X2=294.12  p<0.05）。Also for female。（X2=19.48 p<0.05和X2=142.36  p<0.05）。The detection rates of single and multiple thyroid tubercles in different age groups were also statistically significant（X2=38.45 p<0.05和X2=384.21 p<0.05），It can also be seen that the incidence of thyroid tubercles increases with age。Conclusion：Thyroid tubercle has a higher prevalence， which is related to sexual distinction， age， job， and Working pressure. At the same time， whether the heavy taste and salty and spicy taste in Guizhou is the cause of the high incidence of thyroid disease remains to be further supported by epidemiological investigation. As part of the thyroid disease， effective measures should be formulated to address the epidemiological characteristics， change the unhealthy dietary habits of the population， actively control blood sugar and blood pressure， control body weight， and reduce body mass index， work Stress， music therapy， etc. to reduce Thyroid tubercle.it is suggested that the thyroid ultrasonic examination should be included in the routine physical examination， and the role of the ultrasonic examination in the early diagnosis and screening of thyroid disease should be brought into full play.

[Key Words]：Physical examination;Guizhou Province; Thyroid tubercle.

【中图分类号】Q451  【文献标识码】A  【文章编号】1673-9026（2021）06-124-02

甲状腺结节是由于多种病因，如自身免疫性疾病、炎症、肿瘤以及退行性变等引起的[1]，目前在临床很常见的甲状腺疾病，具体表现是甲状腺內出现一个或多个团块状异常结构[2]。甲状腺结节有良性恶性之分，良性结节边界清晰、形态规则、内部回声均且血流不丰富、多不影响甲状腺功能，主要包括结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤、单纯或出血性囊肿、亚急性及慢性甲状腺炎等;恶性结节边界不清、形态不规则、内部回声不均且血流丰富、多伴有甲状腺功能的改变，主要有乳头状癌、髓样癌、滤泡状腺癌、未分化癌等[3]。贵州地区为甲状腺疾病高发地区，为了解本院健康体检人群的甲状腺结节患病率情况及相关因素，选择2018年-2019年对6824例进行健康体检的团检客户的甲状腺结节患病率进行回顾性研究，现报道如下;

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象 选择2018 年-2019年连续两年在本院体检中心进行健康体检的6824例体检者作为研究对象，男3406例，女3418例，年龄21～80 岁，平均（45.3±11.9）岁。排除既往有甲状腺手术史、甲状腺功能亢进症和甲状腺功能减退症者; 妊娠期或哺乳期妇女;有严重的心、肝、肾损害者。……