混合碳政策下双寡头供应链 不同竞争模式的低碳生产决策
2021-07-05董兴林李晓菲
董兴林 李晓菲
摘 要:基于混合碳政策(碳税—碳交易)背景,构建了供应链古诺博弈模型并分析其竞争决策问题。首先,通过构建分散—分散决策、集中—分散决策和集中—集中决策三种供应链竞争模式,求得碳减排决策与价格决策的均衡解,并在算例分析中讨论了不同竞争模式下碳减排决策与价格决策之间的关系;其次,通过敏感性分析得到不同竞争模式下混合碳政策对碳减排均衡决策的影响,所得结果可为供应链低碳生产决策提供依据。
关键词:碳交易;碳税;供应链竞争;古诺模型
中图分类号:F273 文献标识码:A
Abstract: Based on the background of the mixed carbon policy(carbon tax-carbon trading)implemented by Chinese government, Cournot(Duopoly)game model between supply chains is constructed and used for analyzing a series of competition decisions between supply chains. Based on constructing three supply chain competition models: decentralized-decentralized decision, centralized-decentralized decision, and centralized-centralized decision, the equilibrium solution of carbon emission reduction decision and price decision can be obtained. Through example analysis, the relationship between carbon emission reduction decisions and price decisions under the different competition modes become clear and definite. At the same time, through sensitivity analysis, the impact of mixed carbon policies on carbon emission reduction equilibrium decisions under different competition modes is obtained, providing a basis for supply chain decisions.
Key words: carbon trading; carbon tax; supply chain competition; Cournot model
0 引 言
受二氧化碳等氣体排放的影响,全球气候变暖问题愈发严重。各国政府开始制定碳政策来控制碳排放量,其中碳税政策和碳交易政策被认为是最为有效的市场激励机制,受到学术界的广泛关注。关于碳税政策与碳交易政策的研究大致分为两类:大部分学者从比较角度入手,对碳减排效果、政策可行性、社会效益以及企业效益进行比较[1],或从实现原理切入进行比较研究[2-6];也有部分学者从协调角度入手,研究在共同实行两种政策的背景下如何使两种政策协调配合,优化碳减排效果,提高经济效益和环境效益,实现人类社会的可持续发展[7]。目前,许多北欧国家如挪威、丹麦、瑞典等已经针对国内造纸、油气等高排放行业实施混合碳政策,采取征收碳税和碳交易规制的双重约束。实践证明,混合碳政策促进了碳减排,提高了社会效益,增加了环境效益。……
