刘万春 吴清

摘  要：近些年来国内外市场经济环境不断变化，物流企业从最初的劳动密集型转为技术密集型，自然而然重视创新发展的投入，对创新的要求也在逐渐提高。而以往的学者对物流企业更多是从公司内部治理以及财务风险等角度进行分析，对于创新结果研究的不多，因此研究物流企业的创新效率十分有必要，文章基于DEA-Malmquist模型对2016～2018年A股上市的19家物流企业进行创新效率评价，结果表明：创新效率整体不高，但呈上升趋势，并且主要依赖于技术效率的提高。并且从政府和企业两个维度对物流企业的发展提出建议。

关键词：物流企业;创新效率;DEA-Malmquist模型

中图分类号：F253    文献标识码：A

Abstract： In recent years， the domestic and international market economic environment has been constantly changing. Logistics companies have turned from labor-intensive to technology-intensive. Naturally， they pay attention to the investment in innovation and development， and the requirements for innovation are gradually increasing. In the past， scholars analyzed logistics companies more from the perspectives of corporate internal governance and financial risks. They did not have much research on innovation results. Therefore， it is necessary to study the innovation efficiency of logistics companies. This article is based on the DEA

-Malmquist model for 2016 to 2018， 19 logistics companies listed on the A-share market conducted innovation efficiency evaluations. The results showed that the overall innovation efficiency is not high， but it is on the rise， and it mainly depends on the improvement of technical efficiency. And from the two dimensions of the government and the enterprise to make suggestions for the development of logistics enterprises.

Key words： logistics enterprises; innovation efficiency; DEA-Malmquist model

0  引  言

改革開放以来，我国的经济发展一路向前，作为民生建设之一的物流行业也经历了从无到有、从有到昌盛的状态，但是随着近些年来大数据、人工智能等渗透和普及，传统的物流行业很难满足人们日益增长的需求，尤其是经历了2020年的新冠疫情，改革创新势不可挡。而习近平总书记早在“十三五”就提出了新发展理念，将创新作为引领发展的第一动力，物流产业也从扩大规模转向创新型发展，再加上今年新基建的提出进一步推动传统物流向智慧物流的蜕变。那么在过去的几年间，我国的物流企业的创新效率如何？投入和产出之间是否相得益彰？这一切都有研究的必要性，因此文中选取2016～2018年A股上市的物流企业数据，通过DEA-Malmquist指数模型进行分析，从而评价其创新效率。……