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甘薯块根熟化过程中麦芽糖变化及其影响因素研究进展

2021-06-30李臣后猛马猛张允刚李强

江苏农业学报 2021年2期

李臣 后猛 马猛 张允刚 李强

摘要: 甘薯是中国重要的杂粮作物,鲜食型甘薯的选育是甘薯育种的重要方向之一,甜度则是鲜食型甘薯选育的重要指标。甘薯熟化后的甜度取决于麦芽糖含量,麦芽糖含量的变化不仅受β-淀粉酶活性的调控,而且受甘薯淀粉糊化特性及熟化方式的影响。本文主要阐述甘薯熟化过程中麦芽糖合成相关酶的研究进展,以及淀粉糊化特性和熟化方式对麦芽糖合成的影响,旨在弄清甘薯块根熟化过程中麦芽糖变化的影响因素,为鲜食型甘薯育种提供理论依据。

关键词: 甘薯;糖类;麦芽糖;淀粉;糊化特性

中图分类号: S531  文献标识码: A  文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)02-0539-06

Abstract: Sweetpotato is a kind of important coarse grain crop in China. The fresh eating sweetpotato is one of the main objectives of sweetpotato breeding. Sweetness is an important indicator for the selection and breeding of fresh eating sweetpotato. The sweetness of sweetpotatoes after cooking depended on the maltose content. The change of maltose content was not only regulated by β-amylase activity, but was also affected by starch gelatinization characteristics and cooking methods of sweetpotatoes. This paper mainly summarized the research progress on enzymes related to maltose synthesis during cooking and the effects of starch gelatinization characteristics and cooking methods on maltose synthesis, so as to clarify the influencing factors of maltose changes in sweetpotatoes during cooking, and provide a theoretical basis for fresh eating sweetpotato breeding.

Key words: sweetpotato;saccharides;maltose;starch;gelatinization characteristics

甘薯是中國重要的杂粮作物,含有丰富的碳水化合物和营养物质,在国民经济发展中占有重要的地位,是重要的粮食、饲料及工业原料[1]。甘薯中的碳水化合物主要由淀粉、可溶性糖(果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖)、纤维素等组成[2],不同的碳水化合物组成决定着甘薯的品质和用途[3]。淀粉含量较高的甘薯品种一般作为淀粉加工原料[4-5],而可溶性糖含量较高的甘薯品种多用作食品加工原料或者鲜食。甘薯淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量和组成直接影响鲜食型甘薯的食用品质[6]。甘薯碳水化合物组分不仅在品种间存在差异[7-8],而且与甘薯储藏条件[9-10]、生长环境以及甘薯块根的生长发育阶段有关[11-12]。此外,在甘薯加热熟化过程中,不同品种块根糖类含量(特别是麦芽糖含量)也存在明显的差异[13]。……

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