不同组合干燥方式对胡萝卜脆片品质的影响
2021-06-30郎旭敏徐亚元肖亚冬李大婧刘春泉郑铁松宋江峰张钟元
郎旭敏 徐亚元 肖亚冬 李大婧 刘春泉 郑铁松 宋江峰 张钟元



摘要: 研究了热风-气流膨化干燥(AD-EPD)、旋转式微波-气流膨化干燥(MD-EPD)、振动旋转式微波-气流膨化干燥(VMD-EPD)、热风耦合振动旋转式微波-气流膨化干燥(AD+VMD-EPD)和热风联合旋转式微波-气流膨化干燥(AD+MD-EPD)5种不同组合干燥方式对胡萝卜脆片品质的影响,并分析了不同预干燥方式对色泽、水分以及温度均匀性的影响。结果表明:不同预干燥方式对水分和温度均匀性影响显著(P<0.05),其中VMD预干燥方式对水分和温度干燥均匀性改善最为显著。不同预干燥方式与EPD联合后,对胡萝卜脆片质构和营养品质影响显著(P<0.05),其中,VMD-EPD干燥方式显著降低胡萝卜脆片硬度,微观结构呈均匀多孔疏松状,且对总黄酮、VC及总类胡萝卜素有显著保护作用。通过不同组合干燥方式胡萝卜脆片品质的27个指标进行主成分分析,筛选出13个评价核心指标并建立综合品质评价模型,其中,综合得分最高的是VMD-EPD干燥方式。
关键词: 胡萝卜脆片;组合干燥;品质
中图分类号: TS255.3 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)02-0493-10
Abstract: The effects of five different combined drying methods on the quality of carrot chips were studied, including hot air-explosion puffing drying (AD-EPD), rotating microwave-explosion puffing drying (MD-EPD), vibrating rotating microwave-explosion puffing drying (VMD-EPD), hot air coupled vibrating rotating microwave-explosion puffing drying (AD+VMD-EPD) and hot air combined rotating microwave-explosion puffing drying (AD+MD-EPD). The effects of different pre-drying methods on color, moisture and temperature uniformity were analyzed. The results showed that different pre-drying methods had significant effects on the uniformity of moisture and temperature (P<0.05), and VMD pre-drying method was the most significant one. The texture and nutritional quality of carrot chips were significantly affectedby different pre-drying methods combined with EPD (P<0.05). The VMD-EPD drying method significantly reduced, had significant protective effect on total flavonoids, VC and total carotenoids, and the microstructure was porous and loose. Through the principal component analysis of 27 quality indices of carrot chips with different combined drying methods, 13 core indices were selected, and a comprehensive quality evaluation model was established. Among them, VMD-EPD had the highest comprehensive score.
Key words: carrot chip;combined drying;quality
胡蘿卜(Daucus carota L.),又名胡芦菔或甘荀,伞形科胡萝卜属二年生草本植物[1],其根和嫩叶是可食用的常见蔬菜。胡萝卜含有丰富的营养成分,如类胡萝卜素、蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12以及各种无机盐等,具有多项保健功能,如抗氧化、促进生长发育、保护视力、抗癌防癌、提高免疫、促消化等[2]。脱水加工是胡萝卜主要加工方式之一,加工后的产品便于运输和储存,能延长货架期,解决偏远山区的供给问题,能有效调节蔬菜生产淡旺季节。随着生活水平的提高,人们对脂肪类食品的需求减少,而对果蔬的需求增加,因此,开发营养、健康、方便且耐储存的休闲果蔬脆产品对提升果蔬的附加值具有重要意义。
传统的干燥技术对产品颜色、复水率、体积和孔隙率有影响,如热风干燥时温度影响产品颜色和味道[3]以及贮藏品质[4]。单一干燥方法如热风、微波、气流膨化等获得的非油炸型胡萝卜休闲食品质地偏硬且均匀性不佳,真空冷冻干燥的脆片质量虽高,但干燥时间长、成本高且能耗大。……
