MYB转录因子在水稻抗逆基因工程中的研究进展
2021-06-30董勤勇张圆圆魏景芳朱昀
董勤勇 张圆圆 魏景芳 朱昀



摘要: 干旱、寒冷、高盐以及病虫害胁迫是造成水稻减产的重要因素。近年来,植物特异性转录因子在水稻抗旱、抗寒、抗盐以及抗病虫害胁迫机制上扮演着重要角色。MYB转录因子是植物最大的转录因子家族之一,其结构高度保守,常见1R-MYB/MYB-related、R2R3-MYB、3R-MYB以及4R-MYB 4种结构类型。MYB转录因子主要参与植物生长发育、生物以及非生物胁迫的应答过程。本文就MYB转录因子的结构特征、分类以及在水稻(Oryza sativa)生物及非生物胁迫中的应答进行综述,为MYB转录因子的研究及植物抗逆新品种培育提供参考。
关键词: MYB转录因子;生物胁迫;非生物胁迫
中图分类号: S511.035.3 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)02-0525-06
Abstract: Stresses from drought, cold, high salinity, diseases and pests are important factors leading to the reduction of rice yield. In recent years, plant-specific transcription factors played important roles in the mechanisms of drought resistance, cold resistance, salt resistance, diseases resistance and pests resistance of rice. MYB transcription factors family was one of the largest transcription factors families in plants. It was highly conserved in domains, and four kinds of common structure types were 1R-MYB/MYB-related,R2R3-MYB,3R-MYB and 4R-MYB. MYB transcription factors mainly involved in the growth and development of plants, response processes under biological and abiotic stresses. This paper summarized the structural characteristics and classification of MYB transcription factors as well as their responses to biological and abiotic stresses in Oryza sativa to provide reference for the research on MYB transcription factors and the cultivation of new plant varieties against stresses.
Key words: MYB transcription factor;biotic stress;abiotic stress
植物在田間会遭受干旱、寒冷、高盐等非生物胁迫以及包括害虫和病原体在内的生物胁迫。植物自身具备应对复杂胁迫反应的机制与策略,转录因子(Transcription factors)是逆境响应的主要调控因子,其编码基因是作物改良的最佳候选基因[1]。转录因子是一类调节基因表达水平的重要调控蛋白,通过与靶标基因启动子区的顺式作用元件结合,激活或抑制靶标基因的转录表达[1]。据报道在已发现的80个转录因子家族中,只有MYB、NAC、bZIP、锌指蛋白等少量转录因子在逆境胁迫响应中起到重要作用。其中MYB转录因子是最大的植物转录因子家族之一,它在植物生长发育、激素信号转导以及植物对生物及非生物应答中起到十分重要的作用[2-5]。目前从水稻中已鉴定出185个MYB转录因子[6],研究发现这些转录因子的功能不仅体现在调节植物生长发育上,在植物应对复杂的生物和非生物胁迫反应方面上也具有显著的作用。……
