刘崇万 朱晓华 孟勇 徐志华 沈美芳 陈校辉 边文冀

摘要： 為探究池塘循环水槽（In-pond raceway system，IPRS）养殖模式对斑点叉尾鮰（Letaurus punetaus）肌肉营养品质的影响，以传统池塘养殖（Traditional pond system，TPS）模式为对照，随机采集两种模式下的养殖水及斑点叉尾鮰，测定其养殖水质及基础营养成分，同时对氨基酸及脂肪酸的组成及含量进行比较分析。结果显示，IPRS模式养殖水溶解氧含量极显著高于TPS模式（P<0.01），铵态氮、悬浮物、总氮、溶解性总氮、总磷及高锰酸盐指数均显著或极显著低于TPS模式（P<0.05或P<0.01）;且IPRS模式斑点叉尾鮰肌肉粗蛋白质含量极显著高于TPS模式（P<0.01），粗脂肪含量极显著低于后者（P<0.01）;两种养殖模式下氨基酸及脂肪酸种类无显著差异，但IPRS模式总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸及总呈鲜味氨基酸含量均显著高于TPS模式，尤其是谷氨酸、天冬氨酸及缬氨酸，同时，总多不饱和脂肪酸也显著高于TPS模式，以亚油酸及DHA两种物质含量尤为突出。说明，与TPS模式相比，IPRS模式能够有效改善养殖水质，并可显著提高斑点叉尾鮰肌肉粗蛋白质含量并降低粗脂肪含量，养殖模式对于斑点叉尾鮰肌肉氨基酸与脂肪酸组成无显著影响，但IPRS模式可显著提高部分氨基酸及脂肪酸的含量，从而提高斑点叉尾鮰肌肉营养品质。IPRS模式作为一种新兴的健康生态养殖模式，适合斑点叉尾鮰集约化、高密度养殖。

关键词： 斑点叉尾鮰;池塘循环水槽养殖;肌肉营养品质

中图分类号： S965.199  文献标识码： A  文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）02-0418-08

Abstract： To investigate the effect of in-pond raceway system （IPRS） culture mode on the muscle nutritional quality of Letaurus punetaus， the traditional pond system （TPS） was selected as control and the culture water and L.punetaus of two modes were collected randomly to detect the quality and basic nutritional components of the culture water， while the composition and contents of amino acids and fatty acids of L.punetaus were compared and analyzed. The results showed that， the dissolved oxygen content in the culture water of IPRS mode was very significantly higher than that of TPS mode （P<0.01）， the ammonia nitrogen content， suspended matter content， total nitrogen content， total dissolved nitrogen content， total phosphorus content and the permanganate index of IPRS mode were significantly or very significantly lower than that of TPS mode （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The crude protein content in L.punetaus of IPRS mode was very significantly higher than that of TPS mode （P<0.01）， while the crude fat content was very significantly lower than that of TPS mode （P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in amino acids and fatty acids varieties between the two culture modes， but the content of total amino acids， total essential amino acids， total non-essential amino acids and total delicious amino acids of the IPRS mode were significantly higher than that of TPS mode， especially for the contents of glutamic acid， aspartic acid and valine. Meanwhile， the content of total polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） of IPRS mode was also significantly higher than that of TPS mode， especially for the contents of linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA）. In conclusion， the quality of culture water of IPRS mode was effectively improved compared with TPS mode， and the crude protein content in the muscle of L.punetaus was significantly improved， while the crude fat content was decreased. The culture modes had no significant effect on the composition of amino acids and fatty acids in the muscle of L.punetaus， but the IPRS mode could significantly increase part of the contents of amino acids and fatty acids， thus improve the nutritional quality of muscle in L.punetaus. As a new healthy and ecological culture mode， IPRS mode is suitable for intensive and high-density cultivation of L.punetaus.

Key words： channel catfish （Letaurus punetaus）;in-pond raceway system （IPRS） culture;muscle nutritional quality

养殖模式与水产品生长性能、营养品质之间的关系已被广泛研究与报道[1-10]。目前水产品主要养殖模式有网箱、围栏、池塘循环水槽 （In-pond raceway system，IPRS）、传统大池塘 （Traditional pond system，TPS）等，其中，IPRS是近年来新兴的一种以“小槽养鱼，大池养水，鱼水兼顾”为特色的生态养殖模式[11-13]。目前已有大量关于IPRS应用于不同品种鱼类养殖的研究，如青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus） [14]、斑点叉尾鮰（Letaurus punetaus）[15]、黑鲈（Micropterus salmonides）[1]、半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis）[16]、鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）[17]等，这些研究结果表明IPRS不仅可达到高密度养殖、节水环保的目的，同时可有效改善与提升不同水产品的生长性能、肌肉质构特性及营养成分、风味等营养品质。

斑点叉尾鮰是中国从美国引进的大型特色淡水鱼品种，因其适应性强、养殖方式多样（精养、混养、轮捕轮放皆可），且味道鲜美、无肌间刺、营养丰富，加上近年来斑点叉尾鮰出口及国内消费市场被逐步打开，带动其养殖形势逐年向好，尤其是近2年大宗鱼养殖形势较差，使得斑点叉尾鮰逐渐成为池塘养殖与市场消费的新兴品种[18-19]，2018年，全国斑点叉尾鮰产量达到2.30×105 t[20]。……