陈蓉 雷明明 何宗亮 朱欢喜 戴子淳 应诗家

摘要： 为了揭示樱桃谷鸭种公鸭的睾丸发育规律，本研究以75日龄、105日龄、135日龄和165日龄樱桃谷鸭种公鸭为研究对象，首先通过组织学方法观察睾丸发育和精子发生情况，其次通过Q-PCR方法检测下丘脑-脑垂体-睾丸轴组织中相关基因表达情况。结果发现，与105日龄相比，135日龄时睾丸质量增加了10倍以上，曲精细管直径和上皮生精细胞数量增加，脑垂体FSHβ基因mRNA表达量增加了40倍以上。与75日龄相比，105～165日龄脑垂体组织中GnIHR基因mRNA表达量显著降低。随着日龄增加，樱桃谷鸭种公鸭睾丸支持细胞特异性FSHR、INHα、INHβA、AMH基因和间质细胞特异性LHR、StAR、CYP11A1、3β-HSD基因的mRNA表达量显著增加。以上结果表明，自135日龄开始，在脑垂体FSH和LH刺激下，樱桃谷鸭种公鸭睾丸进入快速发育阶段，支持细胞和间质细胞的分泌功能增强;165日龄时，睾丸能够产生成熟精子，表明睾丸发育达到性成熟阶段。本研究结果为后续樱桃谷鸭种鸭的繁殖研究提供基础资料。

关键词： 樱桃谷鸭;睾丸;生殖轴;基因表达

中图分类号： S834  文献标识码： A  文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）02-0405-07

Abstract： In order to understand the testicular development of Cherry Valley breeder ducks， this study took 75， 105， 135， and 165 day-old Cherry Valley breeder ducks as the research objects. Firstly， the testicular development and spermatogenesis were defined through histological methods， and secondly the mRNA expression levels of reproductive axis genes were detected by the method of Q-PCR. The results showed that compared with the 105th day， the testicular weight of Cherry Valley breeder ducks on the 135th day increased by more than 10 times with the increase of the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of epithelial spermatogenic cells， and the mRNA expression level of their pituitary FSHβ gene increased by more than 40 times. Compared with the 75th day， the mRNA expression level of pituitary GnIHR gene was significantly reduced on the 105th， 135th， and 165th day respectively. With the increase of days， both the mRNA expression levels of sertoli cell-specific FSHR， INHα， INHβA， AMH genes and Leydig cell-specific LHR， StAR， CYP11A1， 3β-HSD genes were significantly increased in the testicular tissues of Cherry Valley breeder ducks. The above results suggested that the testicular tissues of Cherry Valley breeder ducks had underwent the rapid development since the 135th day under the stimulation of FSH and LH of the pituitary gland， and the secretory function of both Sertoli cells and Leydig cells was enhanced; on the 165th day， the testes could produce mature sperms， indicating that the testicular development had reached sexual maturity. This study provides the basic data for the subsequent research on the reproductive activity of Cherry valley breeder ducks.

Key words： Cherry valley drake;testis;reproductive axis;gene expression

中國是世界肉鸭养殖和消费大国，2019年肉鸭出栏质量约占全球68%[1]。2019年，中国肉鸭总出栏量约4.43×109只，总产肉量约9.44×106 t，鸭肉总产值达到1.42×1011元。在中国，大量饲养的肉用型鸭品种包括北京鸭、樱桃谷鸭、丽佳鸭、狄高鸭等。樱桃谷鸭是以北京鸭为育种材料选育而成的，具有生长速度快、瘦肉率高和饲料转化率高以及抗病性强等优点。但是，与中国地方蛋用型鸭（如连城白鸭）相比，樱桃谷鸭（肉用型）种鸭体型大，性成熟时间晚。……