宋睿 沈国清 张永涛 唐飞龙 吴仁铭 马云良 张乃昌

摘要： 无人机植保飞防技术因其省工、省时和省水等优势在中国多种农作物上推广应用。然而，在飞防作业过程中，农药雾滴的飘移和蒸发会造成药效降低、环境污染和作物药害等问题。本研究以70%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂为试验药剂，采用液滴接触角分析、蒸发测定和雾滴检测等方法，研究5种表面活性剂及其不同添加量对农药药液润湿性、防蒸发性及沉积性能影响，结果表明，添加2.0%（质量分数）阴离子型表面活性剂AS-1的药液性能最优。在此基础上，进一步开展AS-1与多糖类化合物GD复配及其性能评价研究。结果表明，将2.0%（质量分数）AS-1与0.2%（质量分数）GD复配制备成飞防助剂TAB78，添加于5种水稻常用农药药液，与未添加助剂的空白药液相比，添加飞防助剂TAB78的农药液滴接触角降低、雾滴蒸发时间延长、沉积覆盖率和沉积密度提高。采用安飞易M6-AG型无人机进行农药田间飞防喷雾试验，向水稻常用农药中添加TAB78后，药液覆盖率及沉积密度显著提高。

关键词： 植保无人机;飞防助剂;润湿性;防蒸发性;沉积效果

中图分类号： S482  文献标识码： A  文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）02-0333-07

Abstract： Aerial spray control technology based on unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） for plant protection have been promoted and applied in many crops in China for its advantages such as saving labor， time and water. However， in the process of aerial spray control， the drift and evaporation of pesticide droplets will result in problems such as reduced efficacy of pesticide， environmental pollution and phytotoxicity. In this study， pymetrozine 70% wettable powder （WP） was taken as the research object， and the methods of contact angle of droplets analysis， evaporability detection and droplets detection were adopted to study the effect of five surfactants and their additive amounts on wettability， preventing evaporability and deposition performance of pesticide solution. The results showed that pesticide solution adding 2.0% （mass fraction） anionic surfactant AS-1 was the best in performance. On this basis， further studies on the compounding of AS-1 and polysaccharide GD and its performance evaluation were carried out. The results showed that， after preparing spray adjuvant TAB78 by compounding 2.0% （mass fraction） AS-1 and 0.2% （mass fraction） GD， it was added into five common pesticide solutions for rice. Compared with the blank solution without adjuvant， the pesticide solutions adding spray adjuvant TAB78 showed the characteristics such as the reduced contact angles of pesticide droplets， the extended evaporation time， the increased coverage rate and density of deposition. Anfeiyi M6-AG UAV was used in field spray control experiments of pesticides. It showed that coverage rate and deposition density of pesticide solutions increased after adding TAB78 into the common pesticides used for rice.

Key words： unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） plant protection;spray adjuvant;wettability;prevent evaporability;deposition effect

近年來，中国植保无人机飞防作业的应用发展迅速。研究结果表明，在稳定控制飞行高度和速度等飞行参数的情况下，飞防药剂的理化性质与雾化性能是影响药效的直接因素[1]。与常规地面喷雾施药相比，植保无人机作业高度高、雾滴从喷头到靶标距离远，施药更容易产生飘移，而添加飞防助剂具有减少飘移、增加药液沉积和提高飞防药效的作用[2-4]。……