郭霞 李敦禧 黄丹慜 史丹妮 田蜜

摘 要：为了驱赶隐蔽的豇豆蓟马，辅助化学药剂防治，采用Y型嗅觉仪测试了16种精油对豇豆蓟马的趋避活性，并观察了其田间趋避作用。结果表明，柑橘精油趋避活性最高，趋避率为86.67%，其次是肉豆蔻精油、香茅精油、大蒜精油、香樟精油等;香樟精油虫口减退率最高，达到45.36%，其次为香茅精油、柠檬精油、桉叶油、姜黄精油、石菖蒲精油。综合选取香樟精油和香茅精油分别组合乙基多杀菌素进行豇豆蓟马田间防效试验，精油与药剂组合比单一施用药剂的防效显著。利用精油的趋避作用和药剂的杀灭组合能显著提高药效，可达到防治豇豆蓟马的目的。

关键词：豇豆蓟马;精油;趋避作用

中图分类号：S643.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）02-068-003

Repellent effect of 16 kinds of essential oils against cowpea thrips

GUO Xia， LI Dunxi， HUANG Danmin， SHI Danni， TIAN Mi

（Hainan Academy of Forestry， Haikou 571100， Hainan， China）

Abstract： To control cowpea thrips by repelling hidden cowpea thrips with essential oils， repellent activities of 16 kinds of essential oil were tested through the Y olfactometer against cowpea thrips， including repellent effect in the field. repellent activities of citrus oil was the best， the rate was 86.67%， followed by nutmeg essential oil， citronella oil， garlic essential oil， camphor oil; the population of decrease rate of camphor oil was the best， 45.36%， followed by citronella oil， lemon oil， eucalyptus oil， turmeric oil， acorus gramineus oil. According to the above results， the combination of camphor oil or citronella oil with spinetoram was selected to control cowpea thrips in the field. The results showed that the combination was more effective than that of spinetoram. The combination of the essential oil and spinetoram showed significantly control effect， which effectively repell and kill cowpea thrips.

Key words： Cowpea thrips; Essential oil; Repellent effect

豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）是冬季瓜菜的主要品种，我国种植面积超过6.7万hm2，是海南冬季瓜菜输出的主要品种。危害豇豆的蓟马指普通大蓟马（Megalurothrips usitatus Bagrall）和花蓟马（Frankliniella intonsa Trybom），其中普通大蓟马为优势种，本文统称豇豆蓟马[1-3]。豇豆蓟马对温度适应性强，为15～35 ℃;繁殖速度快，最短10 d左右即可繁殖一个世代。主要危害花果，造成落花、裂果，严重影响豇豆产量和品质[2-4]。目前防治豇豆蓟马以化学药剂为主，如阿维菌素、啶虫脒、多杀菌素等。由于该虫隐藏在花中，药剂很难防治，致使药效不理想[3，5-6]。如果将豇豆蓟马从花中驱赶出来，再辅助化学药剂进行防治，将会提高防治效果，有利于控制该虫。性引诱剂防治害虫得到广泛应用，如利用甲基丁香酚引诱橘小实蝇雄虫，辅助化学药剂进行灭杀[4，7]。……