翁丽青 张珏锋 陈建明 李能辉

摘 要：为筛选出高效低毒并对作物安全的防治药剂，为茭白胡麻叶斑病的田间防治提供科学依据，选择7种常用杀菌剂进行田间药效试验，测定7种药剂对‘余茭4号茭白胡麻叶斑病的防治效果。结果表明，供试7种杀菌剂中，12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂的防效在用药7 d和14 d后达64.0%和55.67%，在7种杀菌剂防效中表现最优，同时12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂处理的茭白与对照处理在株高上无显著差异，且植株的分蘖数显著高于对照。因此，推荐12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂为茭白胡麻叶斑病发生初期使用的杀菌剂。

关键词：茭白;杀菌剂;胡麻叶斑病;防治效果

中图分类号：S645.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）02-065-03

Control effect of fungicides on brown spot disease of Zizania latifolia

WENG Liqing1， ZHANG Juefeng2， CHENG Jianming2， LI Nenghui1

（1. Yuyao Agricultural Technology Extension Service General Station， Yuyao 315400， Zhejiang， China; 2. Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology， Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hangzhou 310021， Zhejiang， China）

Abstract： In order to screen out the control agents with high efficiency and low toxicity and provide scientific basis for the field control of brown spot disease of Zizania latifolia， cymoxanil·mancozeb 72% WP and other 6 fungicides were selected for field trial in variety ‘Yujiao 4. The results showed that the control effect of 12.5% Diniconazole reached 64.0% and 55.67% after 7 days and 14 days， respectively， which was the best in 7 kinds of fungicides. At the same time， there was no significant difference in plant height between 12.5% Diniconazole treatment and the control treatment， and the plant tillers numbers was significantly higher than that of the control treatment. Therefore，12.5% Diniconazole was recommended as a fungicide for the prevention and control of early stage of brown spot disease in Z. latifolia.

Key words： Zizania latifolia; Fungicide; Brown spot disease; Control effect

茭白是禾本科菰属多年生宿根草本植物，原产于中国及东南亚[1]，可食用的肉质茎是其在生长期被黑粉菌（Ustilago esculenta）侵染后分泌吲哚乙酸（IAA）刺激茎基部细胞迅速增殖膨大形成的[2-3]。目前，茭白在全国栽培面积达7.33万hm2，是仅次于莲藕的第二大水生蔬菜种类[4]。胡麻叶斑病是茭白生产中一种重要病害，其致病病原菌是菰长蠕孢菌，属半知菌亚门真菌，主要危害叶片，叶鞘也可发病。严重时，病斑密密麻麻布满叶片，且相互愈合成块状，导致叶片大面积枯死，严重影响茭白的产量与品质[5]。

余姚市茭白产区由于连年种植茭白，茭白胡麻叶斑病发生逐年加剧，尤其是单季茭与双季茭的秋茭发病更为严重，严重田块减产30%以上[6]。生产上除了采取种植耐病品种（暂未发现抗病品种）、合理密植与水旱轮作等农业防治措施外，主要是在茭白发病初期辅以化学防治。……