李丙雪 SIHOMCHANH Bounpheng 禤子琪 何琼 吴海燕

摘    要：以咪鲜胺、咯菌腈、戊唑醇、异菌脲和腐霉利等为试验药剂，开展番茄枯萎病菌的抑菌试验，并对抑制效果好的药剂进行复配试验，筛选出对番茄枯萎病菌抑制效果好的浓度及复配比例。结果表明，咪鲜胺和咯菌腈对番茄枯萎病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用显著。0.1 μg·mL-1咪鲜胺对枯萎病菌的抑菌率为73.8%，EC50为 0.02 μg·mL-1;0.1 μg·mL-1咯菌腈对枯萎病菌的抑菌率为48.7%，EC50为0.17 μg·mL-1。0.1 μg·mL-1咪鲜胺和0.1 μg·mL-1咯菌腈以体积比为2∶8进行复配时，抑制效果最佳，抑菌率为91.1%。研究结果对化学药剂的科学合理使用提供理论依据，为防治番茄枯萎病提供重要信息。

关键词：番茄枯萎病;咯菌腈;咪鲜胺;药剂复配;抑菌率

中图分类号：S641.2+S436.412.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）02-061-004

Screening of fungicides on Fusarium wilt of tomato

LI Bingxue1， SIHOMCHANH Bounpheng1，2， XUAN Ziqi1， HE Qiong1， WU Haiyan1

（1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety， Agricultural College of Guangxi University， Nanning

530004， Guangxi， China; 2. Nation Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute， Horticulture Research Center， Vientiane 7071， Lao PDR）

Abstract： The fungistatic effects of prochloraz， fludioxonil， tebuconazole， iprodione and procymidone on tomato Fusarium wilt were evaluated in this study. The concentration and proportion of compounds with mycelium growth-inhibition effect on Fusarium oxysporum were screened. The results showed that prochloraz and fludioxonil had significant inhibitory effect on the growth of mycelium . The inhibition rate of 0.1 μg·mL-1 prochloraz and fludioxonil on Fusarium oxysporum were 73.8% and 48.7%， respectively. EC50 was 0.02 μg·mL-1 and 0.17 μg·mL-1 respectively. When the concentration of 0.1 μg·mL-1 of prochloraz was mixed with fludioxonil， the inhibition rate was 91.1%. When the volume ratio was 2：8， it showed the significantly inhibitory effect. The results provide a theoretical data for the scientific and rational use of chemical fungicide， and provide important information for controlling tomato fusarium wilt as well.

Key words： Tomato Fusarium wilt; Fludioxonil; Prochloraz; Fungicide mixture; Inhibition rate

近年來，露地番茄和保护地番茄种植面积迅速扩大，番茄的集约化种植使病害发生愈加频繁[1]。在番茄侵染性病害中，主要有真菌性病害、细菌性病害、病毒性病害和根结线虫病。其中真菌性病害约占番茄病害的80%，且病害类型多，引起的病害症状复杂。番茄真菌性病害包含番茄枯萎病、番茄晚疫病、番茄早疫病、番茄灰霉病等，其中番茄枯萎病的发生日趋严重[2]。番茄枯萎病是由枯萎病菌引起的一种维管束疾病，是一种严重危害番茄品质和产量的土传性病害，从番茄幼苗期到成株期均可受到枯萎病的侵染[3]。番茄枯萎病病原菌是尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race），属半知菌类菌物。番茄多在开花结果期发病，往往在盛果期枯死。发病初期，植株中、下部叶片在中午前后萎蔫，早、晚尚可恢复，以后萎蔫症状逐渐加重，叶片自下而上逐渐变黄，不脱落，直至枯死。……