北京市蔬菜生产现状·问题与对策
2021-06-22占媛娟黄映晖
占媛娟 黄映晖



摘要 北京是国际大都市,对蔬菜的需求很大,蔬菜的稳定生产和供应对社会稳定具有重要意义。为了确保蔬菜的稳定生产以及“菜篮子”产品的有效供应,北京近年来大力发展蔬菜生产。通过分析北京市蔬菜生产的发展概况,发现北京市蔬菜生产存在空间受限、技术落实不到位、劳动力素质有待提升和农业投入品使用不合理的问题。提出加强政府扶持力度、加强技术创新和推广、培养新型职业农民和促进蔬菜绿色生产的对策建议。
关键词 蔬菜生产;设施蔬菜;问题;对策;北京市
中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)09-0210-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.057
Abstract Beijing is an international metropolis with great demand for vegetables. The stable production and supply of vegetables is of great significance to social stability. In order to ensure the stable production of vegetables and the effective supply of vegetable basket products, Beijing has vigorously developed vegetable production in recent years. Based on the analysis of the development of vegetable production in Beijing, it is found that there are some problems in vegetable production, such as limited space, inadequate implementation of technology, improvement of labor quality and unreasonable use of agricultural inputs. Finally, suggestions are proposed to strengthen government support, strengthen technological innovation and popularization, train new professional farmers and promote green vegetable production.
Key words Vegetable production;Facility vegetables;Problems;Countermeasures;Beijing
蔬菜是居民饮食消费中不可缺少的一部分,对居民的日常生活有很大的影响。同时,蔬菜也是北京“菜篮子”产品的重要组成部分,对北京都市农业的发展起着举足轻重的作用。近年来,北京市政府发布了一系列支持蔬菜生产的政策,如支持“菜篮子”产品生产基地建设,发展标准化生产等,这些政策的出台促进了北京市蔬菜生产的发展。但是由于绿化和建筑用地增加,导致北京市蔬菜种植面积缩减,随之而来也使总产量逐年减少,出现先升后降的倒“V”型态势。当前北京常年菜地保有量、“菜篮子”自给率和控制率的状况相当严峻,2019年蔬菜自给率已降到10%,迫切需要加大菜田特别是设施菜田的建设力度,有效稳定蔬菜生产能力,保有最低限度的自给率和应急保障功能。
许多学者对北京市蔬菜生产进行了研究,并提出了对策和建议。……
