巫小宏 娄芳 李卫 李廷钊

摘要 为探究甲壳素、黄腐酸钾和木醋对籽播太子参产量的影响，采用随机区组的方法。结果表明，3种肥料及其混料均对太子参产量有促进作用，最好的是甲壳素，其相比对照增产13.12%。在不同遮蔽、不同采收期处理的研究中发现，遮阴处理的产量均小于不遮阴，太子参最佳的采收期在7月21日之后，产量可达2 401.9 kg/hm2。太子参垄上各组产量显示，位于中间2、3组的产量是边缘1、4组的1.5倍，常规45 cm的滴灌带铺设间距不适合太子参。

关键词 太子参;甲壳素;黄腐酸钾;木醋;采收期;肥料;产量

中图分类号 S567.5+3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0150-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.039

Abstract In order to study the effects of chitin， potassium fulvic acid and wood vinegar on the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla， a randomized block design was adopted. The result showed that the three kinds of fertilizers and their mixtures all had a promoting effect on the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. The best effect was chitin， which increased the yield by 13.12% compared to the blank control. In the study of treatments with different shading and different harvesting time， the study found that the yield of shading treatment was less than that non-shading treatment. The best harvesting time of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was after July 21， and the yield could reach 2 401.9 kg/hm2.The yield of each group on the ridge of Pseudostellaria heterophylla showed that the yield of the middle 2nd and 3rd groups was 1.5 times that of the edge 1st and 4th groups， and the conventional drip irrigation of 45 cm space was not suitable to plant Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

Key words Pseudostellaria heterophylla;Chitin;Potassium fulvate;Wood vinegar;Harvest time;Fertilizer;Yield

甲殼素是一种安全无毒且对环境无害的天然高分子[1]，可被用作土壤改良剂、植物病害抑制剂、种衣剂、饲料添加剂、植物生长调节剂、抗寒剂以及农药载体[2-4]。有学者针对连作黄瓜品质、产量降低的问题，使用甲壳素灌根之后，具有明显改善[5]。作为叶面肥使用在夏玉米上，也显著提高了玉米的产量[6]。

黄腐酸钾含有多种植物新陈代谢所需的氨基酸和微量元素，通过提高植物的抗逆性和免疫力，提高产量和改进品质[7]。有学者使用黄腐酸钾喷洒和灌根夏玉米发现，适量的浓度的处理显著提高了玉米产量，其中在与尿素搭配使用过程中增产达19.56%[8-9]。在番茄喷洒叶面肥和灌根试验中，也可显著提高番茄产量和VC的含量[10]。

木醋液主要以酸类、酚类、酮类和醛类为主，还有醇类、酯类、胺类、吡啶以及K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Ge、Mn、Fe 等微量元素，在植物生长、土壤改良上都有作用[11]。……