孙宜 石青松

摘要 [目的]探索红柄白鹃梅种子最佳萌发条件。[方法]以红柄白鹃梅种子为试材，研究温度、光照条件对红柄白鹃梅种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。[结果]15 ℃为红柄白鹃梅最适萌发温度，种子发芽率100%，发芽势86.66%，发芽指数2.03，均为最高，且萌发启动时间最早，发芽持续时间最短。20 ℃下，光处理和暗处理下生长初期均以胚根生长为主，中后期光处理下胚根生长占优势，暗处理下胚轴生长占优势。光处理下胚根长度较暗处理长15 mm，胚轴长度比暗处理短38 mm。[结论]温度对红柄白娟梅种子萌发影响显著，光照不是种子萌发必要条件，光照条件影响幼苗生长。

关键词 红柄白鹃梅;光照;温度;发芽率;发芽势;发芽指数

中图分类号 S723 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0116-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.029

Abstract [Objective]To explore the best germination conditions of Exochorda giraldii seeds.[Method]Taking Exochorda giraldii seeds as experimental materials，the effects of light and temperature on seed germination and seedling growth of Exochorda giraldii were studied.[Result]The results showed that the optimum germination temperature was 15 ℃，the germination rate was 100%，the germination potential was 86.66%，and the germination index was 2.03，all of which were the highest.The germination time was the earliest and the germination duration was the shortest.When the temperature was 20 ℃，the radicle growth was dominant in the early growth stage of Exochorda giraldii under light treatment and dark treatment，and the radicle growth was dominant in the middle and late growth stage under light treatment，and the growth of hypocotyl was dominant under dark treatment.The hypocotyl length of light treatment was 15 mm longer than that of dark treatment，and the hypocotyl length of light treatment was 38 mm shorter than that of dark treatment. [Conclusion] Temperature had a significant effect on seed germination of Exochorda giraldii.Light was not a necessary condition for seed germination，but affected seedling growth.

Key words Exochorda giraldii;Light;Temperature;Germination percentage;Germination energy;Germination index

红柄白鹃梅（Exochorda giraldii），蔷薇科白鹃梅属落叶灌木，高可达3～5 m，叶卵状椭圆形，长3～4 cm，全缘，稀中部以上有钝锯齿;叶柄红色，花白色，直径3.0～4.5 cm，花瓣具长爪，分布于华北、华中和西北山区[1]。红柄白鹃梅不仅具有较高的观赏价值，还有食用价值，其幼叶、嫩茎和花蕾均可食用[2]。魏学智等[3]对红柄白鹃梅所含营养成分进行了分析，发现其粗纤维含量丰富，高于黄花菜、刺儿菜等常见野菜，有益于软化血管、降低胆固醇等。张钦弟等[4]研究表明，红柄白鹃梅根系固土力强，是很好的退耕还林树种。目前对红柄白鹃梅的研究多集中于食用、资源调查及应用前景方面，有关其繁殖方面的研究相对较少。王军涛等[5]对秦岭野生红柄白鹃梅进行了露地播种试验，结果表明，层积沙藏的种子出苗率为63.5%。……