苗杰 路兆军 王淑惠 李保进 张专文 张声凯 王益星 张靖川 孙太元

摘要 [目的]为制订降低地表可燃物载量的森林经营措施提供科学依据。[方法]通过分析烟台市赤松-黑松林林分结构因子对地表可燃物载量的影响，建立林分结构因子和地表可燃物载量相关性，对林分结构因子和可燃物类型进行主成分分析。[结果]随着林分密度的增加，地表可燃物载量显著增大（P<0.05），不同树高、胸径和枝下高条件下无显著差异，可燃物类型载量总体表现为腐殖质>枯落物>死地被物>灌木;地表可燃物载量与林分密度、树高、枝下高呈显著正相关（R2=0.869，P<0.05），死地被物载量与枝下高呈极显著负相关（R2=0.652，P<0.01），枯落物载量与林分平均胸径呈极显著正相关（R2=0.671，P<0.01）;林分结构因子中主要影响地表可燃物载量的因素为林分空间和树木个体生长，腐殖质和枯落物是地表可燃物的主要组成成分。[结论]可通过间伐、修枝等森林经营措施调整林分结构，减少烟台市赤松-黑松林地表可燃物载量（腐殖质和枯落物）。

关键词 赤松-黑松林;林分结构因子;可燃物载量;可燃物类型;烟台市

中图分类号 S762 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0109-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.027

Abstract [Objective] In order to provide a scientific basis for formulating forest management measures to reduce surface fuel load. [Method] By analyzing the effect of forest structure factors of Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii forest in Yantai on its surface fuel load， the relationship between forest structure factors and surface fuel load was established， and the principal component analysis of stand structure factors and fuel types was carried out. [Result] The results showed that the surface fuel load was significantly increased with forest density （P<0.05）. But the situation didnt appeared again in other three forest structure factors， height， DBH and height of under branch. We found that there was a tendency of changing from high to low as follows in four fuel types： humus > litter > dead covering plant > shrub. The result of stepwise regression between forest structure factors and surface fuel types load showed that， there was a positive correlation between forest surface fuel load and forest density， height and height of under branch （R2=0.869，P<0.05）. The same correlation was found between litter and average DBH （R2=0.671，P<0.01）. But the correlation between dead covering plant and height of under branch showed an opposite tendency （R2=0.652，P <0.01）. Both of the stand space and individual tree growth was the main factor of forest structure factors which affected surface fuel load， and both of humus and litter was the main composing component of surface fuel load. [Conclusion] Forest structure can be adjusted by thinning， pruning and other forest management measures to reduce the surface fuel load （humus and litter） of P. densiflora and P. thunbergii forest in Yantai.

Key words P. densiflora and P. thunbergii forest;Forest structure factors;Fuel load;Fuel type;Yantai City

煙台市主要森林植被类型以赤松（P.densiflora）、黑松（P.thunbergii）针叶树种为主，间杂有麻栎（Quercus acutissima）和刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）等阔叶树种。目前对于赤松、黑松的研究主要集中于生长特性[1]、叶片生理生化[2]和病虫害防治[3-4]等方面。然而，关于赤松-黑松林地表可燃物的研究却鲜见报道。近年来，由于烟台市赤松-黑松林森林资源和林内可燃物载量不断增加，加之气候的异常变化和野外用火增多，发生重大森林火灾的可能性增大，森林防火形势严峻，森林防火工作受到了各级党委政府和社会各界的高度重视。

森林中一切有机物质均可成为林火燃烧的物质基础[5]，这是由于林火多起源于地表可燃物的燃烧，进而形成地表火，然后上升为林冠火，最终形成人为难以控制的森林火灾，大面积烧毁森林植被[6-8]。森林地表可燃物是人为控制林火的主要研究对象[5，9]。关于森林……