赵莉莉 范勋承 马文银

摘要 采用相对资源承载力的研究方法，分别以湖南省和邵阳市作为参照区，分析邵阳市及各市县1997—2018年相对耕地承载力、相对经济承载力和综合承载力的时序演化与空间差异。结果表明，与湖南省相比，近22年来邵阳市相对耕地承载力总体上呈上升趋势，并在2013年后呈明显富余状态;相对经济承载力和综合承载力在整个研究期间均呈超载状态。从空间差异上看，邵阳城区相对耕地承载力超载现象最为严重;相对经濟承载力空间分布极不均匀，位于北部的隆回县超载最为严重，而位于城区东部的邵东市则呈非常富余状态，可承载人口富余66.84万人;受经济发展差异影响，邵东市综合承载力同样处于非常富余状态，而隆回县和邵阳县的相对耕地承载力已无法支撑现有的经济增长模式，其综合承载力则均处于严重超载状态。因此，及时提高该县第二、三产业比重，转变经济增长模式，才能实现人口、经济和资源的协调发展。

关键词 相对耕地承载力;相对经济承载力;综合承载力;可持续发展;时空差异;湖南省邵阳市

中图分类号 X37 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0074-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.020

Abstract Using the research method of relative resource carrying capacity，Hunan Province and Shaoyang City were used as reference areas to analyze the time-series evolution and spatial differences of relative arable land carrying capacity，relative economic carrying capacity and comprehensive carrying capacity in Shaoyang City and its cities and counties from 1997 to 2018.The results showed that compared with Hunan Province，the relative arable land carrying capacity of Shaoyang City had shown an upward trend in the past 22 years，and showed significant surplus after 2013.The relative carrying capacity of economy resources and synthetic carrying capacity were in a state of double overload from 1998 to 2018.From the perspective of spatial differences，the most serious overload of relative carrying capacity of cultivated land resources was in the urban area of Shaoyang.The spatial distribution of relative carrying capacity of economy resources was very uneven.Longhui County，located in the north of Shaoyang，was the most overloaded，while Shaodong City，located in the east of the city，was obviously surplus and can carry 66.84×104 people.Affected by differences in economic development，the synthetic carrying capacity of Shaodong City is also in a state of surplus，while the relative carrying capacity of cultivated land resources in Longhui County and Shaoyang County can no longer support the existing economic growth model，and their synthetic carrying capacity was in a state of severe overload.Therefore，it is necessary to increase the proportion of the counties secondary and tertiary industries in a timely manner and change the economic growth model to achieve the coordinated development of population，economy and resources.

Key words Relative arable land carrying capacity;Relative economic carrying capacity;Comprehensive carrying capacity;Sustainable development;Temporal and spatial differences;Shaoyang City of Hunan Province

我国资源的现状是总量大、种类多，但人均占有量少，开发难度较大，且利用不尽合理，损失严重。资源承载力是一个国家或者地区在合理限度内所能容纳的最多人口数量[1]。邵阳历来都是人口大市，2018年在湖南各市人口排名中位居第三，占湖南省户籍总人口的11.11%，掌握邵阳市资源承载力状况可为该地资源的合理利用及经济的可持续发展提供科学参考。……