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沉水植物水生态修复作用及应用边界条件

2021-06-22刘凤茹雒翠张扬徐强叶运顺李红桔

安徽农业科学 2021年9期

刘凤茹 雒翠 张扬 徐强 叶运顺 李红桔

摘要 我國河湖水体生态系统退化严重,因此修复河湖水体,使其恢复自然状态至关重要。水生植物是水生态系统的重要组成,通过吸收富集、根系微生物作用以及化感作用等吸收、降解水中污染物,净化水体,营造良好的生态环境。沉水植物作为水生植物的一种,在水体生态修复中起着重要作用。通过系统梳理沉水植物对N、P常规污染物、重金属离子和有毒有机污染物的去除效果,国内外应用情况以及沉水植物应用于水体生态修复的边界条件,为水体生态修复中沉水植物的筛选提供参考。

关键词 水生植物;沉水植物;水生态修复;污染物;去除率;边界条件

中图分类号 X173;X52 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)09-0066-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.018

Abstract The river and lake water ecosystem in China is seriously degraded,so it is very important to restore the river and lake water body to its natural state.As an important part of the aquatic ecosystem,aquatic macrophytes absorb and degrade pollutants in water through absorption,enrichment,root microbial action and allelopathy,so as to purify the water body and create a good ecological environment.As a kind of aquatic macrophytes,submerged macrophytes play an important role in the ecological restoration of water bodies.By systematically combing the removal effects of submerged macrophytes on conventional pollutants,heavy metals and toxic organic pollutants,domestic and foreign applications,and the boundary conditions of submerged macrophytes used in ecological restoration of water bodies,the article provides the references for the selection of submerged macrophytes in ecological restoration of water bodies.

Key words Aquatic macrophytes;Submerged macrophytes;Water ecological restoration;Pollutants;Removal rate;Boundary conditions

我国河湖水体众多,随着社会经济的快速发展,城市化进程不断加快,城市水体污染日益严重,水生态系统严重退化。因此,在控制污染物入河的前提下,对水体进行生态修复,使其恢复自然状态显得尤为重要。水生植物是水体生态系统的重要组成部分,在水体生态修复中起着极其重要的作用。水生植物通过其枝叶和根系吸收污染物,抑制藻类生长,通过根系微生物对污染物质进行降解、转化、分解,去除水体污染物质,同时利用光合作用释放氧气,营造良好的生态环境。沉水植物作为水生植物的一种,是水生态环境的重要组成部分。由于全株生长在水中,生长过程主要从水中吸收营养物质,因此是水环境中重要的污染净化体[1]。……

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