徐诚 张娟 高举 张倩 张晶晶

摘要 以国内引种栽培的3个甜樱桃品种（布鲁克斯、贾红、明珠）和1个本地栽培品种（中国樱桃）为试验材料，经0、-6、-12、-18、-24、-30 ℃条件下低温胁迫处理后，通过其相对电导率值、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶活性和恢复生长率等指标对其进行综合分析，并评价其抗寒性强弱。结果表明：4个樱桃品种通过Logistic方程拟合出的半致死温度与恢复生长率结果一致，处于-25～-19 ℃。随胁迫温度的降低，一年生枝条的电导率值和丙二醛含量呈“S”型增长趋势。在每个低温胁迫条件下，中国樱桃和布鲁克斯的电导率和丙二醛含量明显低于贾红和明珠。随胁迫温度的降低，4个樱桃品种枝条的脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性表现出先升后降的变化趋势，且均表现出缓慢升高至最大值后迅速降低的变化特点，贾红和明珠早于中国樱桃和布鲁克斯达到峰值。通过隶属函数综合分析可得出，几个樱桃品种的抗寒性强弱关系为：中国樱桃>布鲁克斯>贾红>明珠。

关键词 樱桃;低温胁迫;一年生;抗寒性;评价

中图分类号 S662.5 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0057-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.016

Abstract Three sweet cherry varieties introduced and cultivated in China （Brooks， Jiahong， Mingzhu） and one local cultivated variety （Chinese cherry） were used as test materials. The temperature was 0，-6，-12，-18，-24，-30 ℃.After low temperature stress treatment under low temperature conditions， it was comprehensively analyzed by its relative conductivity value， malondialdehyde content， proline content， peroxidase activity and growth recovery rate and other indicators， and its cold resistance was evaluated.The results showed that the semi-lethal temperature of four cherry varieties fitted by logistic equation was consistent with the recovery growth rate， which was between -25 ℃ and -19 ℃.With the decrease of stress temperature， the conductivity value and malondialdehyde content of annual branches showed an “S”-shaped growth trend. Under each low temperature stress condition， the conductivity and malondialdehyde content of Chinese cherry and Brooks were significantly lower than Jiahong and Mingzhu. With the decrease of stress temperature， the proline content and peroxidase activity of the branches of the four cherry cultivars showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing， and all showed the characteristics of slowly increasing to the maximum and then rapidly decreasing.Jiahong and Mingzhu reached its peak earlier than Chinese cherry and Brooks. According to the comprehensive analysis of membership function， the relationship of cold resistance of several cherry varieties was as follows： Chinese cherry>Brooks>Jiahong>Mingzhu.

Key words Cherry;Low temperature stress;Annual;Cold resistance;Evaluation

櫻桃为蔷薇科李属樱桃亚属的乔木型果树[1]，果实可食用，被誉为“果中珍品”。其果实成熟早于北方其他果树，我国多省份均开展了引种试验，发展迅速[2]。但由于其花期较早，极易遭受早春晚霜低温伤害，尤其随着全球气候的改变，极端天气频繁发生，花期受冻害已成为限制樱桃露地生产的关键障碍因子。因此，樱桃抗寒相关研究显得尤为重要[3]。