仲维娴 袁玲玲 都国文 马淑然

〔摘要〕 目的 探討北京地区湿疹发病的季节性特点及其与气象因素的相关性。方法 对北京中医药大学东直门医院2016年3月至2017年2月门诊诊断为湿疹的782例患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析，探讨湿疹发病的季节性特点，并与平均气压、平均风速、平均气温及平均相对湿度等气象因素进行Spearman相关性分析。结果 湿疹患者在冬季最多[262例（33.5%）]，其次为夏季[181例（23.15%）]。对各季节就诊人次进行χ2检验，差异有统计学意义（χ2=30.92，P=0.00）;由Spearman相关性分析显示：湿疹患者月就诊人次与月平均气压呈正相关（r=0.59，P=0.04），与月平均气温呈负相关（r=-0.62，P=0.03）;而与月平均风速（r=0.16，P=0.63）及月平均相对湿度（r=-0.26，P=0.42）均无明显相关性。结论 北京地区湿疹的发病人数具有季节性特点，冬季和夏季发病人数较多，其中2月、12月为发病高峰期，气象因素的变化影响湿疹发病人数，特别是平均气压与平均气温的变化对湿疹的发病影响较大。

〔关键词〕 湿疹;天人相应;北京地区;季节;气象因素

〔中图分类号〕R275.9       〔文献标志码〕A       〔文章编号〕doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.05.013

Study on the Correlation Between Eczema Incidence and Seasonal and

Meteorological Factors in Beijing

ZHONG Weixian1， YUAN Lingling2， DU Guowen1， MA Shuran1*

（1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing 100029， China; 2. Department of Dermatology， Dongzhimen

Hospital， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing 100700， China）

〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the seasonal characteristics of eczema and its correlation with meteorological factors in Beijing. Methods The case data of 782 patients with eczema diagnosed in the outpatient department of Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from March 2016 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The seasonal characteristics of eczema were investigated， and Spearman correlation analysis was carried out with meteorological factors such as average air pressure， average wind speed， average air temperature and average relative humidity. Results Eczema patients were the most common in winter [262 cases （33.5%）]， followed by summer [181 cases （23.15%）]. 2 tests were carried out on the number of visits in each season， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=30.92， P=0.00）; Spearman correlation analysis showed that monthly visits of eczema patients were positively correlated with monthly average air pressure （r=0.59， P=0.04）， and negatively correlated with monthly average air temperature （r=-0.62， P=0.03）. However， it had no obvious correlation with monthly average wind speed （r=0.16， P=0.63） and monthly average relative humidity （r=-0.26， P=0.42）. Conclusion The incidence of eczema in Beijing has seasonal characteristics， there are more cases in winter and summer， and the peak of cases is in December and February. The changes of meteorological factors affect the incidence of eczema， especially the changes of average air pressure and average air temperature.

〔Keywords〕 eczema; correspondence between nature and human; Beijing area; season; meteorologic elements

湿疹是一种常见的皮肤科疾病，临床主要以剧烈的瘙痒，对称性、多形性的皮肤损害，如红斑、丘疹、水疱、糜烂、渗液以及皮肤肥厚、苔藓化，易复发为特点。湿疹病因复杂，现代医学多认为其与变态反应、免疫介导和遗传因素等有密切的相关性[1-3]。湿疹与中医学“湿疮”“血风疮”“浸淫疮”等病相似，中医学认为湿疹发病多是由于患者先天禀赋不足，或素体血热，或饮食不节伤及脾胃，复感风湿热邪，浸淫肌肤所致。……