10个玉米品种在陇东旱塬区的适应性评价
2021-06-20赵智慧郑琪贺春贵柳金良
赵智慧 郑琪 贺春贵 柳金良



摘要:在陇东旱塬区自然条件下,引进10个玉米品种露地种植,并对其主要农艺性状和产量进行了试验观察。结果表明:瑞普909和联创825产量分别为13 508.33、13 383.33 kg/hm2,比对照品种先玉335增产12.18%、11.14%,综合性状优良,抗旱性较强,产量较高,适宜在陇东旱塬区免地膜露地种植;强盛12号和MC703产量分别为12 900.00、12 891.67 kg/hm2,比对照增产7.13%、7.06%,差异显著(P < 0.05),可作为搭配品种在陇东旱塬区露地种植。
关键词:陇东旱塬区;玉米;品种;露地种植;农艺性状;产量
中图分类号:S513 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)05-0077-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.05.018
Adaptability Evaluation of Ten Corn Cultivars Planted in
Longdong Dryland Area
ZHAO Zhihui 1, ZHENG Qi 1, HE Chongui 2, LIU Jinliang 1
(1. Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pingliang Gansu 744000, China; 2. Gansu Academy of Agriculutural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China)
Abstract:Ten corn cultivars were introduced in the open field under the natural conditions in the dryland area of Eastern Gansu Province, and the main agronomic characters and yield were observed. The results showed that the yield of Ruipu 909 and Lianchuang 825 were 13 508.33 kg/hm2 and 13 383.33 kg/hm2, respectively, which were 12.18% and 11.14% higher than those of the control. The two cultivars had good comprehensive characters, strong drought resistance and high yield, and were suitable to be growing in the open field without plastic film in the Longdong dryland area. The yield of Qiangsheng 12 and MC703 were 12 900.00 kg/hm2 and 12 891.67 kg/hm2, respectively, which were 7.13% and 7.06% higher than those of the control, and the difference was significant(P < 0.05), which could be used as a combination cultivars in the open field of the dryland area of Eastern Gansu.
Key words:Longdong dryland area;Corn;Cultivars;Open field cultivation;Agronomic traits;Yield
玉米(Zea mays)是甘肅省主要的粮食、饲料和经济作物,陇东地区是甘肃省玉米的重要产区,常年种植面积20万 hm2左右,占全省种植面积的 20% 以上[1 - 2 ]。陇东地区属黄土高原沟壑区,是我国西北黄土高原典型的雨养旱作农业区[3 ],自然降水量少,有效利用率低,年降水量的70%集中在6 — 9月[4 ],严重制约了玉米对自然降水的有效利用和产量的提高。20世纪90年代,随着覆膜技术在甘肃省的引进、试验、改进和大面积推广,使玉米产量大幅度提高,种植面积逐年上升[5 ]。据粗略估计,2019 — 2020年,甘肃省推广全膜双垄沟播技术面积约100万 hm2,其中玉米约70万 hm2,占到了总面积的70%。全膜双垄沟播技术在甘肃省大面积推广应用已将近20 a,虽然对粮食增产有突出作用和贡献,但同时也带来了难以逆转的农田残膜污染问题[6 - 7 ]。农田残膜已经成为影响甘肃省农业环境、破坏土壤结构、危害作物正常生长发育并造成农作物减产的重要因素之一[8 - 9 ]。为了减少滥用地膜造成的白色污染,我们引进了10个玉米品种,并对其在旱塬地区的适应性进行试验研究,旨在筛选出适宜于陇东旱塬区露地种植且相对高产稳产的玉米优良品种,以降低旱塬区玉米生产成本,实现绿色环保、提质增效的目的。……
